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AUBF > Part II > Flashcards

Part II Flashcards

1
Q

refers to the process that moves solutes & water out of the filtrate for the second time and returns them back in the bloodstream

A

TUBULAR REABSORPTION

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2
Q

is the result from processes like diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, symport, & osmosis

A

TUBULAR REABSORPTION

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3
Q

is the movement of a substance across a membrane against a gradient

A

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

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4
Q

requires the combination of the substance to be reabsorbed with a carrier protein

A

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

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5
Q

this creates an electrochemical energy, which causes the substance to be transferred across the cell membranes back into the circulation

A

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

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6
Q

is responsible for glucose reabsorption, amino acids, & PCT salts, chloride in the ascending loop of Henle, & sodium in the DCT

A

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

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7
Q

when the active transport of a substance requires energy (e.g., the Na+ pump)

A

direct active transport

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8
Q

when the transport of one substance is coupled with the transport of another substance down a gradient (e.g., the indirect absorption of glucose with Na+ in the PCT)

A

indirect active transport / cotransport

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9
Q

is the movement of a substance along a gradient (from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration)

A

PASSIVE TRANSPORT

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10
Q

is driven by the gradient differences in the electrical potential or concentration of molecules on opposite sides of the membrane

A

PASSIVE TRANSPORT

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11
Q

requires no energy

A

PASSIVE TRANSPORT

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12
Q

Passive reabsorption of water occurs in all parts of the nephron, except the_________ because the walls are water impermeable.

A

ascending loop of Henle

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13
Q
  • the plasma concentration at which active transport stops
A

renal threshold

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14
Q

Renal threshold for glucose:

A

160 to 180 mg/dL

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15
Q

Substances in Active transport

A

Glucose
Amino Acids
Salts
Sodium

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16
Q

Substances in Passive transport

A

Water
Urea
Sodium

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17
Q

Where does renal concentration starts

A

Descending and ascending loops of henle

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18
Q

prevents the excessive water reabsorption as the filtrate passes through the highly concentrated medulla

A

water-impermeable walls of the ascending loop

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19
Q

is the process which involves selective reabsorption, that functions to maintain the osmotic gradient of the medulla

A

countercurrent mechanism

20
Q

the starting point of the final concentration of the filtrate (through the
water reabsorption)

A

distal convoluted tubule

21
Q

Reabsorption is dependent on the

A
  1. osmotic gradient (medulla)
  2. arginine vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone [ADH])
22
Q

is required for water reabsorption to happen in the collecting tubules

A

ADH

23
Q

is a hormone synthesized in the hypothalamus & transferred via the neuronal stalk to the Posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis)

A

ADH

24
Q

-present in the ♥
-monitor arterial BP

A

vascular baroreceptors

25
Q

is the passage of substances from the blood in the peritubular capillaries to the tubular filtrate

A

Tubular Secretion

26
Q

takes place throughout the nephron (like tubular reabsorption)

A

Tubular Secretion

27
Q

is the major site of the removal of plasma protein – bound foreign nonfiltered substances (e.g., medications)

A

proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

28
Q

The 3 body systems required in maintaining the blood pH at a level compatible with life:

A

the blood-buffer system
pulmonary system
renal system

29
Q

The buffering & the elimination of the excess acid formed by dietary intake & metabolism in the blood aids in the maintenance of normal blood pH which is alkaline, ranging from ________

A

7.35 to 7.45

30
Q

the buffering capacity of the blood depends on

A

bicarbonate (HCO3-) ions

31
Q

must be expediently returned to the blood to maintain the proper pH

A

bicarbonate (HCO3-) ions

32
Q

secretion of these ions by the renal tubular cells into the filtrate inhibits the filtered HCO3- from being

A

hydrogen ions (H+)

33
Q

excreted in the urine & leads to the HCO3- ions being returned to the plasma

A

hydrogen ions (H+)

34
Q

the actual excretion of the excess of these ions is dependent on tubular secretion

A

hydrogen ions (H+)

35
Q

the adjustment of the pH, osmolality, and electrolyte content of the urine

A

The primary function of the distal & collecting tubules:

36
Q

is the result of the disruption of the renal secretory functions

A

Metabolic acidosis/renal tubular acidosis (RTA)

37
Q

a condition characterized by the inability to produce an acid urine

A

Metabolic acidosis/renal tubular acidosis (RTA)

38
Q

is the volume of plasma in milliliters that is completely cleared of a substance per unit of time

A

Renal clearance

39
Q

the standard test utilized to measure the glomerular filtering capacity

A

Clearance test

40
Q

measures the rate at which the kidneys are able to remove (to clear) a filterable substance from the blood

A

Clearance test

41
Q

can help in the evaluation of glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, & tubular secretion & in renal blood flow determinations

A

Clearance test

42
Q

commonly performed for GFR evaluations

A

Clearance test

43
Q

requires the use of substances with known & strictly limited modes of renal excretion

A

Clearance test

44
Q

was measured in the earliest glomerular filtration tests because of its presence in all urine specimens & the routinely used methods of chemical analysis are existent

A

Urea

45
Q

are substances that replaced urea as a test substance for GFR

A

C = creatinine, cystatin C
R = radioisotopes
I = inulin
B = β2 microglobulin

46
Q

Used to be the gold standard for measuring GFR because it has all the properties of an ideal marker.

A

inulin

AUBF (38 decks)

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