Chapter 6 Flashcards
(22 cards)
surfactant
covers alveoli, lowers surface tension, prevents alveolus from collapsing
pleurae
membranes surrounding lungs, pressure differentials drive breathing
close to lung= visceral
outer= parietal
diaphragm
muscle, divides thoracic and abdomen
somatic control
intra-pleural space
has fluid, lubricates pleural
what occurs during inhalation
diaphragm and external intercostal
diaphragm flattens and chest wall expands
intrathoracic volume increases at intrapleural, decreases pressure
intrapleural has low pressure, lungs have higher (lungs expand to drop pressure)
What is negative pressure breathing
low pressure of intrapleural drives breathing
exhaling
not active
can relax intercostal and diaphragm, decrease chest volume and intrapleural pressure increases
Has higher pressure than lungs to push air out
active exhaling
use internal intercostal muscles and abdomen
Oppose external intercostal, pull rib down
decreases thoracic volume
Why is the pleura of lungs elastic
allows the lungs to recoil
recoil allows volume to decrease and pressure to increase
total volume
max volume in lungs when inhaling fully
residual volume
remains in lungs after exhale
vital capacity
TLC- RV (max-min)
tidal capacity
inhaled/ exhaled in normal brain
Expiratory reserve
amount forcibly exhaled after normal
inspiratory reserve
amount forcibly inhaled after normal
ventilation center
in medulla oblongata, fire rhythmically for resp. muscle contraction
chemoreceptors sense CO2 (high CO2 increases RR)
What is the PP o2 at alveoli
low pp O2 and high pp CO2.
Move down gradient to transfer
What happens to resp. at high altitude
high RR, increases oxygen loading rate
lysozyme
enzyme in nasal cavity. Attacks peptidoglycan in gram positive bacteria
Mast cells
in lungs, receptor specific, release inflammatory chemicals to increase immune response
biocarb equation
CO2 + H20 -> H2CO3 -> H+ + HCO3-
what happens to RR when acidic
increase RR
CO2 has increased, increase RR to remove
causes left shift
