Chapter 6: Bone Tissue Flashcards
The building of new bone tissue and breaking down of old bone tissue
Bone remodeling
Osseus
Bone
This organ is made up of:
- bone (osseus tissue)
- cartilage
- dense connective tissue
- epithelium
- adipose tissue
- nervous tissue
Bones
6 basic functions of the skeletal system
- Support
- Protection
- Assistance in Movement
- Mineral Homeostasis (storage and release)
- Blood cell production
- Triglyceride storage
How do bones SUPPORT the body?
the skeleton serves as the structural framework for the body by supporting soft tissues and providing attachement points for the tendosn and most skeletal muscles
How do bones provide PROTECTION?
The skeleton protects the most important internal organs from injury
How do bones ASSIST IN MOVEMENT?
Bones are pulled by skeletal muscles when they contract, producing movement
How do bones maintain MINERAL HOMEOSTASIS?
Storage and release
- bones store minerals, esp calcium and phorphorous, which contribute to its strength.
- Bone stores about 99% of calcium
- RElease minerals in blood as needed in other parts of the body
How do bones support BLOOD CELL PRODUCTION?
Red bone marrow produces red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets
The process where the red bone marrow produces red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets
Hemopoiesis
What does red bone marrow consist of?
Developing blood cells, adipocytes, fibroblasts, and macrophages within a network of reticular fibres
Where is red bone marrow located?
Developing bones of the fetus
Some adult bones: hip(pevlic) bones, ribs, sternum, vertebra, skull and ends of the humerus and femur
How do bones support TRIGLYCERIDE STORAGE
Yellow bone marrow consists mainly of adipose cells which store triglycerides; these triglycerides contain potential chemical energy
What is a bone that is greater in length than in width?
Long Bone
What are the typical components of a long bone?
- Diaphysis
- Epiphyses
- Metaphyses
- Articular cartilage
- Periosteum
- Medullary Cavity
- Endosteum
This is the bone’s shaft or body - long cylindrical main portion of the bone
Diaphysis
These are the proximal and distal ends of the long bones
Epiphyses
This is the region of a long bone between the diaphysis and the epiphyses. This contains the epiphyseal plate (growth plate)
Metaphyses
This is made of a layer of hyaline cartilage that allows the diaphysis to grow in legnth; it is replaced by a boney structure called the epiphyseal line, once growing is complete
Epiphyseal plate (growth plate)
What is the bone strucutre called that replaces the epiphyseal plate
Epiphyseal line
This part of the long bone is a thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering part of the epiphyses where the bone forms a join
Articular Cartilage
This part of a long bone is a tough connective tissue and its associated blood supply that surrounds the bone surface wherever it is not covered by articular cartilage
Periosteum
The anatomy of the periosteum?
Outer fibrous layer - dense irregular connective tissue
Inner osteogenic layer - consists of cells
How is the periosteum attached to the underlying bones?
Perforating fibres (sharpeys fibres) - thick bundles of collagen that extend from the periosteum into the bone extracellular matrix