Chapter 8: The Appendicular Skeleton: Upper limbs and girdles

Question 1

What is the primary function of the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 1

Movement

Question 2

What makes up the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 2

Both upper and lower limbs and the girdles of of both that attach the limbs to the axial skeleton

Question 3

What attaches the bones of the upper limbs to the axial skeleton?

Answer 3

Two pectoral (shoulder) girdles

Question 4

What does each pectoral girdle consist of?

Answer 4

A clavicle and a scapula

Question 5

WHat is the anterior bone that articulates with the manubrium of the sternum at the sternoclavicular joint?

Answer 5

The clavicle

Question 6

What is the posterior bone that articulates with the clavicle at teh acromioclavicular joint and with the humerous at the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint?

Answer 6

Scapula

Question 7

What is attached to the vertebral column and ribs to the scapula that hold the scapula in positon and keep it stabilized?

Answer 7

a large group of muscles

Question 8

What is the name of the joint where the clavicle and scaula join?

Answer 8

Acromioclavicular joint

Question 9

Where is the acromioclavicular joint?

Answer 9

At the clavicle and scapula meeting point

Question 10

What is the name of the joint where the scapula articulates with the humerus?

Answer 10

Glenohumeral joint

Question 11

Where is the glenohumeral joint located?

Answer 11

At the articualtion of the head of the humerus bone and the scapula

Question 12

What part of the clavicle articulates with the clavicular notch of the manubrium of the sternum to form the sternoclavicular joint?

Answer 12

The rounded, sternal end of the clavicle

Question 13

What part of the clavicle is broad, flat and articulates with the scapula to form the acromioclavicular joint?

Answer 13

The acromial end

Question 14

What meets to form the acromioclavicular joint?

Answer 14

The acromial end of the clavicle and the scapula

Question 15

This part of the pectoral girdle is a large, triangular, flat bone on the superior, posterior thorax between the levels of the second and seventh ribs

Answer 15

scapula

Question 16

What is the prominent ridge called that runs diagonally across the posterior surface of the scapula?

Answer 16

The spine

Question 17

What is the lateral end of the scapular spine called that projects as a flattened, expanded process?

Answer 17

Acromion

Question 18

This is a shallow depression on the scapula that is below the the acromion and receives the head of the humerus to form the glenohumeral joint

Answer 18

The glenoid cavity

Question 19

What forms the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 19

The glenoid cavity of the scaulpa and the head of the humerus

Question 20

What is the thin edge of the scapula, closest to the spine, called?

Answer 20

Medial or vertebral border

Question 21

What is the thick edge of the scapula, closer to the arm, called?

Answer 21

Axillary or lateral border

Question 22

What is form at the joint borders of the lateral (axilllary) border and the medial (verterbal) border of the scapula?

Answer 22

The inferior angle

Question 23

What is the border at the top of the scapula called?

Answer 23

Superior border

Question 24

What does the superior border and medial border joining area create?

Answer 24

The superior angle

Question 25

Where are the 30 bones of the upper limb distributed in the 3 areas of the limb?

Answer 25

1. the humerus in the arm 2. The ulna and radius in the forearm 3. 27 in the hand/wrist

Question 26

What are the three areas of the hand/wrist and how many bones in each?

Answer 26

1. The carpus (Wrist) has 8 carpals 2. The metacarpus (palm) has 5 metacarpals 3. The fingers have 14 phalanges

Question 27

What is the name of the bone that makes up the skeleton of the arm of the upper limb?

Answer 27

The humerus

Question 28

What feature of what bone does the round head of the humerus articulate to proximally to form the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 28

the glenoid cavity of the scapula

Question 29

What two bones does the humerus articulate with distally?

Answer 29

the radius and ulna

Question 30

What is distal to the head of the humerus? This site is the former site of the growth plate in an adult bone. It appears as a visible oblique groove

Answer 30

anatomical neck of humerus

Question 31

What is the lateral projection that is distal the neck of the humerus and immediately below the palpable acromion of the scapula? Used as a bony landmark (ie injections)

Answer 31

The greater tubercle of the humerus

Question 32

This tubercle is next to the greater tubercle and projects anteriorly

Answer 32

The lesser tubercle

Question 33

What is the name of the groove found between the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus?

Answer 33

The intertubercular sulcush

Question 34

at attaches to the deltoid tuberosity of the medial portion of the shaft of the humerus?

Answer 34

the tendons of the deltoid muscle

Question 35

Describe the girth of the humerus

Answer 35

Round at the top and then becomes gradually triangular and then eventually broad and flat at distal end (elbow)

Question 36

What is the rounded knob on the lateral aspect of the humerus distal end that articulates with the head of the radius?

Answer 36

Capitulum

Question 37

What is the spool shaped surface on the distal humerus, medial to the capitulum, that articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna?

Answer 37

Trochlea

Question 38

What is the anterior depression on the distal end of the humerus, between the capitulum and trochlea that receives the coronoid process of the ulan when the arm is flexed?

Answer 38

The coronoid fossa

Question 39

What does the coronoid process mergbe with when arm bent

Answer 39

coronoid fossa

Question 40

A large posterior depression in the distal end of the humerus that receives the olecranon of the ulna when the forearm is extended

Answer 40

olecranon fossa

Question 41

What are the rough projections on either side of the distal humerus that tendons and most muscles of the formarm attach to?

Answer 41

lateral and medial epicondylesW

Question 42

This forearm bone is located on the medial side of the forearm and is longer than the other bone

Answer 42

The Ulna

Question 43

This is the smaller of the two forearm bones and is lovated on the lateral side of the forearm; it is narrow at its proximal end and widens at its distal end

Answer 43

The radius

Question 44

What two structures does the head of the radius articulate with?

Answer 44

The capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna

Question 45

What is the radial tuberosity?

Answer 45

An attachment point for the tendons of the biceps brachii muscle

Question 46

What process is on the lateral side of the distal end of the radius?

Answer 46

The styloid process

Question 47

What is the area on the radius that articulates with the head of the ulna?

Answer 47

The ulnar notch

Question 48

What are the articulations that form the elbow joint

Answer 48

The trochlea of the humerus articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna The capitulum of the humerus articulates with the radial head

Question 49

What three sites do the ulna and radius connect with each other at?

Answer 49

1. Interosseous membrane joins the shafts 2. Proximally, the head of the radius articulates with the ulna at the radial notch 3. Distally, the ulnar head articulates with the ulnar notch on the radius

Question 50

What is the joint called that is formed from the articulation of the ulnar notch on the radius and the ulnar head?

Answer 50

distal radioulnar joint

Question 51

What is the joint called that is formed from the articulation of the radial notch on the ulna and the radial head?

Answer 51

The proximal radioulnar joint

Question 52

What three bones of the wrist does the distal end of the radius articulate with?

Answer 52

The lunate, scaphoid and triquetrum

Question 53

What joint is formed by the articulation of the caphoid, lunate, triquetrum and radius?

Answer 53

the radiocarpal joint

Question 54

This consists of 8 carpals, joined by ligaments

Answer 54

The carpus

Question 55

The joints between carpals are called....

Answer 55

intercarpal joints

Question 56

What is the layout of the 8 bones?

Answer 56

Two transverse rows of 4 bones each

Question 57

What bones make the proximal row from lateral to medial?

Answer 57

1. Scaphoid 2. Lunate 3. Triquetrum 4. pisiform

Question 58

What bones make up the distal row of carpals from lateral to medial?

Answer 58

1. Trapezium 2. Trapezoid 3. Capitate 4. Hamate

Question 59

S) sub L) lingual T) tablets P) plus T) tylenol T) tea C) can H) Harm

Answer 59

Scaphoid Lunate Triquelum Pisiform Trapezium Trapezoid Capitate Hamate

Question 60

What forms the carpal tunnel?

Answer 60

The hamate and pisiform on the medial side and the scaphoid and trapezium on the lateral side, covered with fibrous bands of connective tissue (flexor retinaculum)

Question 61

This part of the hand consists of 5 metacarpals

Answer 61

The metacarpus

Question 62

What are the three parts of a metacarpal bone?

Answer 62

The proximal base Intermediate Shaft Distal head

Question 63

What joint is formed by the articulation of the bases of the 5 metacarpals with the distal row of carpal bones?

Answer 63

The carpometacarpal joints

Question 64

What joints are formed by the articulation of the heads of the 5 metacarpals with the proximal phlanges?

Answer 64

Metacrpophalangeal joints

Question 65

What at the knucles?

Answer 65

The heads of the metacarpals

Question 66

These are the bones of the digits

Answer 66

phlanges

Question 67

How are the metacarpals and digits numbered?

Answer 67

1-5 beginning with the thumb

Question 68

What does each phalanx consist of?

Answer 68

A proximal base An Intermediate shaft A distal head

Question 69

What two phalanges make up the pollex (thumb)

Answer 69

the proximal and distal phalanges

Question 70

What are the 3 phalanges of the other 4 digits labelled?

Answer 70

Proximal, middle, and distal phalanges

Question 71

What are joints between phalanges called?

Answer 71

interphalangeal joints