Chapter 6 Skin Flashcards
(114 cards)
1
Q
integumentary
A
“skin”
2
Q
skin is the ……., yet thinnest organ
A
largest
3
Q
roles of skin -
A
defense waterproof shade from sun regulates body temp sensations makes vitamin D
4
Q
3 layers of the skin -
A
epidermis
dermis
subcutaneous
5
Q
its the outermost, avascular, stratified squamous epitheal tissue
A
epidermis
6
Q
its the vascular fibrous tissue
A
dermis
7
Q
its also called hypodermis …
A
subcutaneous
8
Q
it carries major blood vessels to nerve and skin above
A
subcutaneous
9
Q
subcutaneous contains …… tissue with lipocytes (fat cells) for padding, …. insulation, and stored energy
A
adipose
insulation
10
Q
what are the 5 epidermal strata -
A
stratum basale spinosum granulosum lucidum corneum
11
Q
its composed of a single layer of tall or columnar epithelial cells.
this is a region of rapid mitosis
A
stratum basale
12
Q
its composed of irregularly shaped cells ; the spiny appearance is due to fibery cell connections called desmosomes
A
stratum spinosum
13
Q
Also here - langerhan’s cells - which are part of immune defense
A
stratum spinosum
14
Q
is the place where the cell cytoplasm is being replaced with keratin
A
stratum granulosum
15
Q
its a water-proofing chemical
A
keratin
16
Q
granules filled with a keratin precursor
A
granulosum
17
Q
its composed of dead cells containing extra material for protection
A
stratum lucidum
18
Q
where is stratum lucidum found ?
A
where skin is thick
soles of feet
‘palms of hands
19
Q
its composed of dead cells filled with keratin
A
stratum corneum
20
Q
why is “flaking” a good idea -
A
gets rid of bacteria / fungus
21
Q
….. in the stratum basale produces the pigment melanin
A
melanocytes
22
Q
it is determined by DNA & UV
A
melanin
23
Q
when sunlight strikes skin, melanocytes release …….
A
melanin
24
Q
clusters of melanocytes form ….. and …..
A
freckles and moles
25
its decreased melanin production, genetic recessive
albinism
26
yellowish hue to skin and whites of eyes due to increased bilirubin
jaundice
27
decrease blood oxygen resulting in blue color
cyanosis
28
pouch usually filled w/ fluid caused by weak/destroyed desmosomes from friction
blisters
29
it's much thicker then the epidermis ..
dermis
30
2 layers of the dermis
papillary
| reticular
31
its thinner,
| directly deeper than S. germinativum
papillary
32
tiny bumps called ...
dermal papillae
33
Papillae ...
nourish
34
what do these papillae nourish -
mitosis
35
because of the papillae, ridges form which function to give up better ......
gripping
| using tools, walking barefoots
36
its thicker,
| cells are scattered and there are many fibers in between the cells ..... white collagen & yellow elastic fibers
reticular
37
free nerve endings
pain
38
meissners corpuscles
light touch
39
krauses end bulbs
cold
40
ruffinis corpuscles
heat
41
pacinian corpuscles
pressure
42
root hair plexus
tugged on hair
43
what happens when the arrector phili muscle contracts -
hair stands on end & get goose bumps
44
2 fibers -
collagen
| elastic
45
tough & strong - holds the skin down
collagenn
46
stretch & rebound
elastic
47
age (getting older) -
collagen breaks down
48
age breakdown =
wrinkles
49
what happens to our skin as we age and are exposed to more UV light -
elastic fibers in dermis decrease,
amount of subctaneous fat decreases,
wrinkles developed
50
2 sweat glands -
eccrine
| apocrine
51
they are sweat glands that are numerous and widely distributed over the body
eccrine
52
their primary function is to ....
help maintain body temp
53
our fingertips help ...
grip
54
sweat =
wastes (salt, ammonia, urea, water)
55
they are found in the armpits & around genitals
apocrine
56
why does it have a distinctive odor?
secretion is broken down by skin bacteria
57
they are also known as oil glands
sebaceous glands
58
sebaceous glands produce ..... which the lubricates the hair and skin & skin from cracking/drying
sebum
59
why is acne vulgaris most common durng teen years-
because increase in hormones leads to increase in sebum, which blocks ducts
60
this gland isfound in the ear
cerminous glands
61
cerminous glands produce a brown & waxy secretion called....
cerumen (earwax)
62
it functions to protect skin of ear canal from dehydration
cerumen
63
function of hair -
warm
64
hair protects from ....
elemets (UV)
65
3 things in circle -
1. medulla
2. cortex
3. cuticle
66
center =
| filled w/ eleidin
medulla
67
eledin makes the hair ..... and not brittle
supple
68
gray hair lackss ..... and sticks out more
eledin
69
its just outside the medulla
| color pigment here
cortex
70
its the outside layer
| -made of overlapping dead cells
cuticle
71
functions of skin :
protection
| temp regulation
72
keratin -
water-proof , tough
73
melanin -
protects against UV rays
74
why does skin have more blood vessels than it need -
to regulate body temperature
75
Too cold?
blood vessels .....
blood flow ......
constrict
| decreases
76
```
Too cold?
continuing ......
decrease heat loss & stays around ......
..... begins so heat help warms blood
....... and adipose help insutlate
```
body & core
shivering
goosebumps
77
possible consequences of being too cold -
frostbite
| hypothermia
78
where the cells freeze and die b/c the cytoplasm expands when frozen and breaks cell membranes
frostbite
79
its when the body drops below 90 degrees... unconscienceness and death can occur if not warmed soon
hypothermia
80
Too hot?
blood vessels ......
blood flow ......
dilate
| increases
81
Too hot?
| ...... begins, so heat is lost as water evaporates
sweating
82
possible consequences of being too hot -
heat stroke
83
where body core gets over 105 degrees and cells die
heat stroke
84
torso front -
18%
85
torso back -
18%
86
legs front -
9%
87
legs back -
9%
88
head front -
4.5%
89
head back -
4.5%
90
arms front -
4.5%
91
arms back -
4.5%
92
typicaly a sunburn
mild discomfort
some reddening
1st degree burn
93
deep epidermal an upper dermis
PAIN / blisters
damage to sweat glands
second-degree burn
94
destruction of epidermis and dermis
may involved underlying muscle/bone
No bone of nerve deth
Third-degree burn
95
3 parts to skin repair -
platelets
stratum basale
macrophages
96
platelets form ...
scabs
97
its a web of fiber that catches red blood cells
scabs
98
why is bleeding a little good?
it cleasn the wound as dirt is washed away
99
stratum basale --
| S. germinativum cells ................ from each direction
bridge gap
100
wwhen 2 sides meet, mitosis stops b/c of .........., resulting layer is 1 cell thick
contact inhibition
101
once form layer across, start going up "elevator of death" and form other layers (may get ....... from ........ motion)
itchy
| upward
102
macrophages ....... to clean area
eat bacteria
103
to rebuild dermis ......
| fibroblast migrate to wound site and make ......
new collagen
104
new collagen is -
scar tissue
105
2 types of special scars
keloid
| adhesions
106
a lumpy scar
| collagen is over-produced up over the surface resulting in a bubbling scar - genetic
keloid
107
an internal scarring in the abdomen
genetic
post surgery, excess collagen can wind around organs
must be cut
adhensions
108
3 types of skin cancers -
squamous cell carcinoma
basal cell carcinoma
malignant melanoma
109
they are red, scaly patch
nodule
most curable
slow growing
squamous cell carcinoma
110
they are bleeding, crusty patches that refuse to heal
basal cell carcinoma
111
deadly
they metastasizes quickly
starts as a mole
maglinant melanoma
112
nevus -
mole
113
ABCD mole awareness -
asymetrical
border is ragged
color dark/uneven
diameter 6mm
114
the major cause of skin cancer is from -
UV rays from sun
