Digestive! Flashcards
(117 cards)
1
Q
digestive system =
A
gastrointestional system
2
Q
digestive tract =
A
alimentary tract
GI tract
alimentary canal
3
Q
why is food vital?
A
contains nutrients
source of energy
4
Q
food containing nutrients have molecules that are needed for building new bosy tissues, repairing damaged tissues, and sustaining needed ….
A
chemical reaction
5
Q
6 steps to get nutrients from food -
A
ingest masticate digest secrete absorb eliminate
6
Q
taken into the mouth -
A
ingest
7
Q
chew -
A
masticate
8
Q
physical and chemical changes to break food into small molecules -
A
digest
9
Q
enzymes, water, acids, and buffers needed for digestion -
A
secrete
10
Q
small usable nutrient molecules must then must then be passed through cells into the blood and lymph system
A
absorb
11
Q
excretion of materials not absorbed through defecation
A
eliminate
12
Q
the sum of all chemical reactions in the body -
A
metabolism
13
Q
the digestive system is composed of …….
A
digestive tract
acessory digestive structures
14
Q
it is composed of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small int, large int, rectum, anal canal, and anus
A
digestive tract
15
Q
it is composed of teeth, lips, tongue, cheeks, salivary glands, pancreas,liver, and gallblader
A
accessory digestive structure
16
Q
its also called oral or buccal activity -
A
mouth
17
Q
food is masticated -
A
mechanical digestion
18
Q
cheeks are lined w …….
A
…….
19
Q
lateral boundaries of the oral cavity -
A
cheeks
20
Q
regions of the teeth -
A
crown
neck
root
21
Q
its the hardest substance in the body -
A
crown
22
Q
it makes up the greatest portion of the tooth shell
- covered by enamel in the crown
- covered by cementum in the neck and root areas
- complex structure of organic and inorganic materials
A
dentin
23
Q
it contains nerves and blood vessels -
A
pulp cavity
24
Q
its just external to dentin
-helps hold tooth in -
A
cementum
25
just external to cementum
| -helps hold tooth in -
periodontal ligaments
26
3 problems and procedures -
cavity
gingivitis
root canal
27
bacterial, epithelial cells, white cells bacteria release acid that attack the enamel -
dental plaque
28
the inflammation of the gums
due to poor hygiene, bleeding gums, receding gum line
may result in tooth loss
gingivitis
29
it forms the anterior portion of the roof of the mouth
| -ridged surface against which food is crushed and softened before swallowing -
hard palate
30
it forms the posterior portion of the roof of the mouth, extending between the oral and nasal portions of the pharynx
-prevents food from being forced into the nasal cavity
soft palate
31
a finger-like muscular projection of soft palate
| -helps keep food from entering the nasal passages while swallowing
uvula
32
it is a solid mass of skeletal muscle -
tongue
33
the tongue functions in .....
mechanical digestion
34
front part of the tongue is used for .....
food during chewing
35
the ..... base aids in swallowing or deglutition
tongue
36
the ...... helps to anchor the tongue to the floor of the mouth -
lingual frenulum
37
the ....is attached to the hyoid bone, mandible, styloid, processes, and pharynx
tongue
38
w the weight of the tongue on the hyoid, people are able to ...
articulate
39
salivary glands refers to the ....... pairs of glands involved in salivation-
3 largest
40
saliva contains 99% ......... salts and ........
water
| salivary amylase
41
its the enzyme that breaks down carbs
amylase
42
3 salivary glands -
parotid
sublingual
submandibular
43
they are the largest
- in front of ears covering part of masseter
- mumps are caused by the swelling of this gland
parotid glands
44
viral disease characterized by the swelling of these glands -
mumps
45
they are the smallest,
| floor of mouth beneath the tongue -
sublingual glands
46
beneath base of tongue in the posterior part of the floor of the mouth -
submandibular glands
47
carbs -- ____________-- maltose
salivary amylase
48
food+amylase =
bolus
49
bolus moves from the mouth to the ......
pharynx
50
it serves as both an air passage during breathing and food passage during swallowing -
pharynx
51
its also composed of longitutinal and circular muscles
pharynx
52
in order to propel food from the pharynx into the esophagus, 3 openings must be blocked:
tongue blocks mouth
soft palate & uvula block nose
epiglottis blocks the larynx
53
it is posterior to the trachea
- bolus moves from pharynx down ...... to the stomach
- made up of 4 layers
esophagus
54
4 layers of the esophagus -
mucosa
submucosa
muscularis
serosa
55
its the inner layer -
mucosa
56
together w/ mucosa provide lubricating mucus
| submucosa also contains blood vessels, lymph vessels-nerve ending
submucosa
57
its the muscle layer. circular and longitudinal muscle that work to push food down the esophagus -
muscularis
58
outer fibrous layer -
serosa
59
3 parts of the stomach:
fundus
body
pylorus
60
its the upper rounded part above opening into the stomach -
fundus
61
its inferior to the fundus, large central portion -
body
62
region that connects to duodenum -
pylorus
63
3 types of muscles (stomach) -
oblique
circular
longitudinal
64
folds in the stomach
| -they flatten out when the stomach become full
rugae
65
it secretes gastric juice
| -bolus + gastric juice = chyme
gastric pits
66
its the esophagus/stomach.
| improper closing results in "heartburn"
cardioesophageal
67
two types of sphincter muscles -
cardioesophageal
| pyloric
68
its the stomach/duodenum of small int.
| opens to permit passage of chyme into duodenum -
pyloric
69
3 cell types in the stomach -
chief
pariteal
neck
70
these cells secrete enzyme pepsinogen
chief cells
71
these cells secretes HCL
| secretes intrinsic factor
pariteal
72
these cells secrete mucus to protect the stomacg
neck
73
pepsinogen -- ____________-- pepsin
HCL
74
proteins --______-- peptides
pepsin
75
NS causes the release of .....-
ACH
76
.... stimulates seretion of gastric juice & gastrin
ACH
77
is a hormone that stimulates release of more gastric juice -
gastrin
78
chemical released from one organ, traves through bloodstream to another organ to affect it -
hormone
79
stomach is not designed to ....
absorb
80
most absorption occurs ...
small int
81
stomach only absorbs ....
water, salts, alcohol, and some meds
82
3 sections of the small int -
duodenum
jejunum
ileum
83
C shaped section following the stomach
- shortest
- has cells that secrete a basic substance to neutralize the acid entering from the stomach -
duodenum
84
between the duodenum and ileum
jejunum
85
its the last section
| -ends at the ileocecal valve which regulates the entrance of chyme into the large int. -
ileum
86
almost all digestion and absorption of nutrients occurs in the ..
small int
87
tiny finger like surface protrusions that increase absorptive surface area
-inside each villi are lymph vessels called lacteal, which aborbs products -
villi
88
on the villi
| -they increase the surface area of absorption even more
microvilli
89
absorpttion of products of carb and protein digestion through .
blood vessels
90
as chyme enters duodenum, the acid in it -
triggers the ... to inhibit gastric juice secretion.
triggers the SI to release ......, which stimulates the pancrease to release bicarbonate
NA
| seretin
91
proteins in fat in it cause SI to release ...
cholecystokinin
92
cholecystokinin acts on ......
......... to decrease secretions &mobility
...... to secrete pancreatic juice
...... to relase bile
stomach
pancrease
gallblader
93
(1) SI secretes .....
peptidases
94
peptides -- _______-- amino acids
peptidases
95
(2) Secretes ....
sucruse, lactose, maltase
96
disaccharides --_____-- monosaccharides -
sucrose,lactose,maltase
97
The ..... secretes the most important fluid for digestion
Pancreas
98
The fluid of the pancreas is secreted through the ....... into duodenum of small int-
Pancreatic duct
99
Pancreas contains pancreatic ....... , pancreatic......, ........ , ........ ,
Amylase
Pro teases
Lipase
Nucleases
100
Lipase breaks small fat droplets into ....... , which are absorbed
Glycerol + fatty acids
101
Liver is the ....
Heaviest gland in the body
102
Blood from the intestines on the way back to the heart pass thru the....
Liver
103
Functions of he liver -
- Produces bile
- forms urea
- maintains glucose homeostasis
- removes damaged RBCs
- removes toxins from blood
104
The breakdown of large lipids globules into a suspension of droplets
Emulsification
105
It extends from the ileum to the anus,
| Does not have any villi
Large int
106
4 principle regions -
Cecum
Colon
Rectum
Anal Canal
107
Its external
- a band along the full length of the intestine
- formed from an incomplete layer of longitudinal muscle
Taeniae coli
108
They are bulges that look like puckers
Haustra
109
2 cells
Absorptive
| Goblet
110
These cells function primarily in water
Absorptive cells
111
These cells secrete mucus that lubricates the passage of the colonic contents
Goblet cells
112
Functions of large intestine -
Secretion of lubricsting mucus
Absorption of water
Break down cellulose
113
After water is absorbed, the chyme is now called ...
Feces
114
Its a breeding warehouse for bacteria that helps to digest any materials on the large intestine -
Appendix
115
Inflammation of the appendix due to blockage -
Appendicitis
116
Symptoms of appendicitis -
Abdominal pain RLQ, nausea, vomiting, tenderness, increase WBCs
117
Treatment of appendictis
Antibiotics or appendectomy
