Circulatory System Flashcards by madison Bronder

Location of the heart -

Between the lungs in the lower portion of the mediastinum just behind the sternum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The lower end of the heart forms a blunt point called the ….
And this lies on the …..

Apex

Diaphragm

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The size of hearts ….. with the size of the individual

Varies

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The bigger the person, the bigger the ….

Heart

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The heart is roughly the size of your ….

Fist

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Blood flow through the heart -

Deoxygenated blood enters the ry atrium from the superior and inferior vena cava.
When the right atrium is full, it contracts.
Blood passes through tricuspid valve to rt ventricle.
Then rt ventricle pumps the blood into the pulmonary artery.
Blood goes to lungs (where it becomes oxygenated).
Blood returns from lungs through pulmonary veins, to Lt atrium.
When Lt atrium is full, it contracts blood through the bicuspid valve, into the left ventricle
Oxygen rich blood is pumped out of Lt ventricle though aorta to major arteries

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Contraction of the heart is called

Systole

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Relaxation of the heart is called

Diastole

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Both atria contract ….

Together

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

When atria both contact together, the blood is forced into the …

Ventricles

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

To control the direction of blood flow, there are …… located at the entrances and exits of the ventricles

4 sets of one-way valves

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The heart makes predictable ..

Sounds

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The first lub sound is caused by the closing of the AV valves between the atria and the ventricles as the ventricles contract - what valves are these

Tricuspid and bicuspid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The sup sound is a short sound caused by the closing of the SL valves - what valves are these

Pulmonary semilunar & aortic semilunar

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Occasionally blood can make odd sounds called … because of faulty valves

Murmurs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Valves that are narrow slowing blood flow from chamber -

Stenonosed valves

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

flaps of mitral valve extend back into the Lt atrium. When Lt ventricle contracts, some blood backflows into atrium

Mitral valves prolapse

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Mitral valve is also known as..

Bicuspid valve

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Two circulation patterns -

Systemic and pulmonary circulation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This circulation describes the blood flow from the Lt ventricle of the heart, through all parts of the body, and back to the Rt atrium.

Systemic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This circulation describes the flow of blood from the Rt ventricle, to the lungs, and back to the Lt atrium

Pulmonary

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Systemic is indicated by what letter

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Pulmonary is indicated by what letter

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Its a vessel that carries blood away from the heart -

Artery

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The wall of an artery is ..... and muscular

Thick

The function of an artery is ...

Transport blood to capillaries

They are microscopic vessels that carry blood from small arteries to small veins

Capillaries

Capillaries have very ..... walls

Thin

Since capillaries are thin walls, this allows the exchange of .....

Gases, O2, CO2, fluids

..... array blood to the heart

Veins

Veins have thin walls and ........ that prevent back flow of blood

One way valves

3 blood vessels -

Artery Capillaries Veins

The heart muscles are alive and must have a constant supply of ..... and ....

Nutrients and oxygen

Coronary arteries .... - Supply blood to .... of heart muscle - ..... branches off the aorta - both ventricles receive their blood supply from branches of ...... and ...... coronary arteries - most abundant supply goes to the .... ventricle

Cells First Rt & Lt Left

Blood for the heart muscle flows from coronary arteries, to capillaries, to coronary veins, and empties into the Rt atrium -

Coronary veins

Its where the Lt ventricle can't keep up due to muscle weakness or high blood pressure. Blood will back up into the lungs. Eventually fluid seeps into tissues resulting in pulmonary edema. -

Heart failure

Enlarged veins where blood tends to pool rather than continue to the heart -

Varicose veins

Section of artery has become abnormally bc of weakening of arterial wall -

Aneurysm

Also called stroke. Lack of O2 to the brain cause by ruptured aneurysm or embolism -

Cerebral vascular accident

Lack of O2 to heart cells -

Ischemia

Severe chest pains due to lack of O2. Nitroglycerin dilates blood vessels, increases blood flow and O2 -

Angina pectoris

The clinical name for a heart attack. This is actually the death of cardiac cells. Frequently caused by a blood clot (coronary thrombosis) permanent damage.

Myocardial infarction

"Hardening" of arteries due to lipid build up -

Atherosclerosis

Mechanical opening of atherosclerotic artery. Balloon pushes plaque back to restore blood flow -

Angioplasty

A mesh balloon that looks like a spring

Stent

An abnormal heart sound due to faulty valves -

Murmur

The conduction system of the heart is composed of ...

Sinotrial node Atrivoentricular node AV bundle Purkkinje system

Its located in the Rt atrium near the junction w/ superior vena cava - cells in this place initiate impulse at regular intervals - impulse travels from this place through both atria - atria begin to contract - this node fires 70-80 times a min

SA Node

Located at the base of the Rt atrium | -this node delays the conduction so both atria contract while ventricles are relaxed

AV node

This is a group of connecting fibers in the septum between the ventricles the bundle forms two branches, left and right, that carry impulses down the apex which is the tip of the heart

AV bundle

At the apex, these fibers carry the action potential up and around the ventricle walls so the ventricles contract together -

Purkinje fibers

Is a graphic record of the hearts electrical activity | NOT a record of the hearts contraction but electrical events that precede them

ECG or EKG (electrocardiogram)

An impulse from SA node thru atria | -precedes atrial contractions

Its the repolarization of the atria & depolarization of the ventricles. -impulse is traveling thurs AV bundle and Purkinje fibers

QRS

Its the repolarization of the ventricles | -represents the resting period of the ventricles

Very rapid heart rhythm (>100 boom) Normal - stress Abnormal - blood loss, shock, drugs, toxins, fever

Tachycardia

Slow heart rhythm (<50 bpm ) Normal - slight is normal during sleep and athletes Abnormal - damaged SA node

Bradycardia

Where cardiac muscle fibers contract out of step with each other. -affected heart chambers do NOT effectively bump blood

Fibrillation

Its the application of electrical shock to force cardiac muscle fibers to contract in unison -

Defibrillation

It is the force of blood against your artery walls as it circulates through your body -

Blood pressure

Normal blood pressure -

120/80

..... pressure - force of blood when the ventricles are relaxed -indicates resistance of blood vessels -

Diastolic pressure

..... pressure - force w which blood is pushing against artery walls when ventricles are contracting

Systolic pressure

High blood pressure -

Hypertension

High blood pressure (example)-

140/90

Blood pressure normally rises and falls throughout the day, but if it stays high, it can cause ....

Health problems

Having high blood pressures raises your risks for ....

Heart disease

High blood pressure is called the "silent killer" because many people don't realize they have it because ......

It has no warning signs/symptoms

It means no single known cause -

Primary hypertension

"Because of.." | caused by kidney disease, hormone probs, oral contraceptives, pregnancy

Secondary hypertension

10 risk factors for hypertension -

``` Genetics Gender Race Age High stress Obesity High levels of alcohol High levels of caffeine Smoking Lack of exercise ```

2 membranes w fluid in between | -surrounds the heart

Pericardium

Function of the pericardium-

1. Stabilizes & limits movement of the heart 2. Protects heart (from trauma / infection) 3. Fluid lubricates & decreases friction during systole & diastole

Circulatory System Flashcards

(73 cards)