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H Anatomy/physiology > Ch. 6 - Skeletal System > Flashcards

Ch. 6 - Skeletal System Flashcards

(76 cards)

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1
Q

Functions of the skeletal system -

A 
Support
Protection
Movement
Storage
Hemopoiesis
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2
Q

This function protects the body core -

A

Protection

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3
Q

This function allows muscles attach for movement-

A

Movement

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4
Q

The function ……….. stores calcium and phosphate -

A

Storage

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5
Q

This function is the blood cell production

A

Hemopoiesis

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6
Q

………… marrow produces all RBC’s, all platelets, and most WBC’s -

A

Red bone

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7
Q

Two types of bones

A

Compact

Spongy

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8
Q

Its the dense, hard outer layer of the bone -

A

Compact bone

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9
Q

It is porous w/ open spaces & trabeculae

A

Spongy bone

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10
Q

They are “bone needles”

A

Trabeculae

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11
Q

Examples of long-longer than short bones -

A

Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Femur

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12
Q

Examples of short-cubed shape bones -

A

Wrist (carpals)

Ankles (tarsals)

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13
Q

Examples of flat bones -

A

Ribs

Scapula

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14
Q

Examples of irregular-odd shaped bones -

A

Vertebrae

Pelvis

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15
Q

Examples of sesamoid bones -

A

Patella

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16
Q

Its the main shaft “tube” composed of compact (dense) bone.

A

Diaphysis

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17
Q

It functions as support -

A

Diaphysis

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18
Q

Its found on both ends of long bone -

A

Epiphysis

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19
Q

The …….. area is space for muscle attachment -

A

Bulbous

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20
Q

The bulbous area is made of spongy bone filled w/ ….

A

Red marrow

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21
Q

Its the fibrous outside layer of long bone

Everywhere except where there is articulate-cartilage

A

Periosteum

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22
Q

……. penetrate bone and hold it on -

A

Fibers

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23
Q

………….. fibers interlace w/ muscle fibers to hold muscle on -

A

Periosteum

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24
Q

………… from periosteum penetrate into bone -

A

Blood vessels

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25
Its the cartilage that covers joint surfaces -
Articulate cartilage
26
What is the function of articulate cartilage -
Cushions bones from jarring
27
Its under periosteum Dense For strength
Compact bone
28
Its the space in middle of diaphysis | Filled w/ yellow marrow
Medullary cavity
29
Found in adults **rich in fat** NO HEMATOPESIS
Yellow marrow
30
Its connective tissue located in ends of long bones, flat bones skull, sternum, and ribs (adult) -
Red marrow
31
Blood cell formation occurs here -
Hematopoiesis
32
Its characterized by open space w/ needle like structures (trabeculae) Site of red marrow in adults -
Spongy bone
33
Its the thin epithelial membrane that lines medullary cavity and covers trabeculae of spongy bone -
Endosteum
34
Its the layer of cartilage that seperates diaphysis from epiphysis
Epiphysial plate
35
This is also where longitudinal growth occurs during youth -
Epiphysial plate
36
When does growth stop?
When all epiphysial cartilage is transformed into bone
37
Its the main supply of nutrients to the bone
Nutrient artery
38
Points of ............ for muscles, tendons, ligaments the bigger the projection, the bigger the .......
Attachment | Muscle attached
39
Example of projections -
``` Condolences Head Process Trochanter Tubercle ```
40
It receives another bone
Depressions
41
Ex of depressions-
Fossa
42
Its passageways for nerves and blood vessels -
Openings
43
Example of openings
Foramen
44
Osseous tissue =
33% collagen fibers. +. Hydroxyapatite
45
Its a mineral composed of calcium & phosphate + living cells called osteocytes
Hydroxyapatite
46
3 types of bone cells -
Osteoblasts Osteoclasts Osteocytes
47
The store calcium & become osteocytes Bone building cells
Osteoblasts
48
They break down the bone and release calcium into blood vessels Bone absorbing cells
Osteoclasts
49
They mature bone cell
Osteocyte
50
Osteoblasts & osteoclasts both ....
Both homeostasis Sculp Shape
51
Compact Bone: the "structural unit" is the Osteon or ......
Haversion canal system
52
Spongy Bone: Contains many needlelike bony spicules called .....
Trabeculae
53
Its the primary site for the production of blood cells
Bone marrow
54
It makes red cells, platelets, some WBC's
Red marrow
55
Its mostly composed of fat
Yellow marrow
56
Osteoblasts secrete, or "spit out", matrix material and .........
Collagen fibers
57
The osteoblasts spit so much of these fibers out that it is now "trapped" in a ......... of its own making -
Prison chamber
58
The chamber, or space, is called ....
Lacuna
59
Once the osteoblast has completed secreting, it is now called ......
Osteocyte
60
An osteocyte is referred to then as a ........
Mature bone cell
61
Osteocytes arrange themselves in .......... or ....... around a ........
Concentric circles , lamellae, central canal
62
Inside the Haversion canal are blood vessels that ..... the bone
Nourish
63
They allow each cell to take what it needs for nourishment and pass the rest on to the next cell
Canalculi
64
Its a central canal and all the concentric lamellae surrounding it -
Osteon or haversion system
65
They interconnect to the haversian canals | This canal runs into the compact bone and marrow cavity from the periosteum
Volkmanns canal
66
They complete the communication pathway between the bone interior and its external surface
Volkmanns canal
67
They are large, mulitnucleated cells that reabsorb or "eat" bone matrix -
Osteoclasts
68
In the enochondrial ossification ... | A cartilage model is laid down and covered by a fibrous ....
Periosteum
69
In the enochondrial ossification ... (2) | Soon a collar of bone appears which is deposited by ...
Osteoblasts
70
In the enochondrial ossification ... (3) ........ invade the cartilage model which brings osteoblasts and osteoclasts which work together to sculpt out a ........... cavity
Blood vessels | Medullary
71
In the enochondrial ossification ... (3) | These blood vessels are called the ......
Primary ossification center
72
In the enochondrial ossification ... (3) Now osteoblasts deposit
Calcium
73
In the enochondrial ossification ... (4) Eventually a ......... forms at each epiphysis -
Secondary ossification centers
74
In the enochondrial ossification ... (5) Until bone growth is complete, a cartilage layer called the .......... remains between the epiphysis and diaphysis
Epiphysial plate
75
X-rays of ....... joints or ........ joints can reveal wether this is open or closed -
Wrist , knee
76
If open, the growth hormone can trigger additional .....
Lengthening

H Anatomy/physiology (22 decks)

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