Chapter 1 Flashcards by madison Bronder

its the study of internal and external structures of organisms and the relationship of its parts -

anatomy

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2 anatomys -

microscorpic anatomy

macroscorpic anatomy

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study of structures that need to be magnified

microscorpic anatomy

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also called GROSS Anatomy, study of structures that can be seen with the naked eye

macroscorpic anatomy

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looking at the levels of organization, what does the existence of life depend on?

proper chemistry

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study of the functions of organisms andparts

physiology

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structures are designed for ……

specific function

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describe what “form follows function” means

structures determine function, and function influences anantomy or organism

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survival depends on ….

maintaining constant conditions within the body

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“same standing”

relative constancy of the normal bodys internal environment , despite the changes

homeostasis

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homeostasis is a ……. process

dynamic

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what are 2 feedback loops -

positive & negative

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3 basic components of feedback loops -

sensor, control, respond

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detects change in specific element and signal control

sensor

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it sends signals to effectors

control

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respond to integrator

effectors

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it opposes change to return to normal (opposite)

negative feedback loop

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an ex of negative feedback loop -

increase breathing to replace oxygen

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it temporarily amplifies change to return to normal

positive feedback loop

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an example of a positive feedback loop -

labor

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which type of feedback loop is the most common in the human body

negative

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what does disease mean

not at ease

and body does not function normally

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its the study of the transmission, frequency, distribution, and control of disease

epidemiology

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a disease that can be spread in many ways (person to person, insect to person)

communicable

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a disease spread from person to person

contagious

its the study of disease

pathology

causes disease -

pathogenic

an infectious disease from medical facility

nosocomial

it means the cause of the disease is unknown

idiopathic

How do you know when a disease is occuring -

signs vital signs symptoms prognosis

they are objective and measurable

signs

they are signs vital to life ... ex. pulse, blood pres. blood temp

vital signs

they are subjective

symptoms

its the prediciton of the outcome of the disease

prognosis

what is anatomical positiion -

standing w aarms @ side, palms forward

patient is on his or her back

supine

patient is on his/her stomach

prone

it is used to show the reader which way the body is posittioned

compass rosette

where the right and left sides are mirror images

bilateral symmetry

where theyre the same side

ipsilateral

where theyre the opposite sides

contralateral

toward the head -

superior

toward the feet

inferior

toward the front

anterior (ventral)

toward the back

posterior (dorsal)

toward the middle

medial

toward the side

lateral

toward the trunk

proximal

away from the trunk

distal

near the surface

superficial

deep

away from the surface

where is the spleen in reference to the stomach

posterior

where is the shoulder blade in reference to the urinary bladder -

superior, lateral, posterior

what are the four planes and sections

sagittal midsagittal frontal transverse

it gives right and left sides

sagittal

gives equals halves

midsagittal

gives front and back

frontal

gives up and down

transverse

what are the 2 body regions

appendicular | axial

its the upper and lower extremities (arms and legs)

appendicular

its the head neck torso & contains 2 major cavities -

axial

what two cavitites are found in the ventral cavity

thoracic, abdominopelvic

what are the right and left pleural

lungs

the mediastinum region is between the ...

lungs

the heart is in a seperate cavity called the

pericardial cavity

the liver, gallbladdder, stomach, spleen, pancreas, sm intestine, parts of lg intestine are found ....

in abdominal area

the lower colon, rectum, urinary bladder, reproductive organ are found ...

pelvic area

its the muscle that seperates the thoracic cavity from abdominal cavity

diaphragm

what are the two parts of the dorsal cavity

cranial | spinal

cranial -

brain

spinal -

spinal cord

what are two cavity membranes -

visceral | parietal

visceral -

membranes that cover organs

parietal -

membranes that line cavitites

visceral & pariteal are both .....

serous membranes

where are cavity membranes found -

in the pleural and peritoneal

term for membranes in the pleural cavity

pleural cavity

term for membranes in the abdominopelvic cavity

peritoneal

what is the space between the parietal and visceral pleural membranes -

pleural cavity

what is tthe space between the parietal peritoneum & visceral peritonem -

peritoneal cavity

liver gallblader rt kidney part of large intestine

RUQ

appendix, rt ovary, rt ureter

RLQ

``` sttomach spleen pancreas left kidney part of large intestine ```

LUQ

left ovary, | left ureter

LLQ

axillary -

on armpit

brachial

on arm

femoral -

on thigh

gluteal -

on trunk

patellar -

on knee

popliteal -

behind the knee

thoracic -

on the chest

dorsal -

another name for posterior

ventral -

another name for anterior

anterior -

point to the front

posterior -

point to the back

lateral -

to the side

medial -

to the middle

distal

the fingers

proximal -

to the shoulder

the three responses that occur when your body is too warm are ....

hairs lie flat sweat is produced blood vessels widen

the three responses that occur when your body is too cold are ....

blood vessels close, no sweat produced, hairs stand up