Chapter 2: Biochemistry Flashcards by madison Bronder

the basic principles of anatomy and physiolog are ultimtely based on the …

principles of chemistry

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major elements:

CHOPS Ca N Cl I K NA Mg Fe

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what molecules have no C-C or C-H bonds

inorganic molecules

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substance in which other substances dissolve water …

solvent

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substance that is dissolved

solute

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its a mixture where water is a solvent (universal solvent)

aqeous solution

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an aqueous solution containing NACl (salt) and other molecules forms the “………” of the body

“internal sea”

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what compounds contain C-C or C-H covalent -

organic compounds

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Cn (H2O) N+ is …..

carbohydrates formula

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they are the bodys primary source of energy -

carbs

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examples of carbohydrates -

potatoes
rice
pasta
corn
wheat

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glucose is a product of ….

photosynthesis

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glucose is a substrate for …

cellular respiration

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glucose is our ….

primary energy

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glucse isnt ……… it has to be processed

immediately usable

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the sugar that sweetens fruit

fructose

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its a double sugar

disaccharides

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ose =

sugar

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common table sugar = glucose + fructose

sucrose

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major sugar in milk = glucose + galactose

lactose

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product of starch digestion = glucose + glucose

maltose

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liver and muscle cells form …….. when there is excess glucose

glycogen

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liver animals -

glycogen

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plants-

glucose

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examples of polysaccharides include

starches | cellulose

starches and cellulose are both ...

plants

ex of starches -

wheat, potatoes

ex of cellulose -

cell walls of plants, wood

triglycerides ... aka ...

fats

glycerol + 3 fatty acid chains

triglycerides (fats)

what is the function of triglycerides

stores energy insulation not bodies #1 choice

it means no double-bonds are in a fat acid chain

saturated fat

saturated fat sources =

animal fat

saturated fat at room temperature is ...

solid

examples of lipids...

butter laard cheese crisco

it means it contains one or more double bonds in FA chain

unsaturated fats

1 C-C ...

monounsaturated

many C-C

polyunsaturated

sources of unsaturated fats ...

vegetable oils

when unsaturated fats are in room temperature they are ...

liquids

HDL =

good cholesterol

LDL =

bad cholesterol

it carries cholesterol to liver = out of the body

HDL

it carries to blood vessels around the heart

LDL

tthey are man made increase shelf life increase crispyness tastes good

transfats

they are similar to triglycerides but contain phosporus -

phospholipids

their function is they bilayer cell membrane

phospholipids

water fearing -

hydrophobic

water liking -

hydrophilic

the tails are ...

hydrophobic

the head is ....

hydrophilic

are a large group of compounds whose principle component is cholesterol

steroids

it stabilizes the phospolipid bilayer used ti make hormones (estrogen and testosterone)

cholesterol

proteins are made of ...

amino acids

proteins =

polymer

amino acids =

monomer

+ and - charges cause what to happen -

hydrogen bonds form

proteins have .....

complex shapes

proteins can have areas that are ...... and ....... therfore they have varied functions in the human body

polar and nonpolar

what are the functions of proteins -

body structure builds antibodies hormones enzymes

enzymes are ....

catalysts

many coenzymes are derived from

vitamins

a non-protein component of enzymes is called ..

cofactor

the coenzymes make up part of the ...

active site

w/o the coenzyme the enzyme ....

will not function

what are the basic building blocks of nucleiv acids

nucleotides

nucleotides are made of ...

phosphate sugar nitrogen base

deoxyribose =

DNA

ribose =

RNA

DNA is arranged in a ...

double helix

Function of DNA -

master code for assemblying proteins & nucleic acids | transmission oftraits

it is never doulbe stranded

RNA

function of RNA

carries message of DNA

its the sum total of an organisms chemical reactions, including ones that build and ones that break down

metabolism

buidling reactions -

dehydration synthesis

dehydration sythesis is used to make ...

body structures

"a" and "b" come from the digestion of your food and ........ are used to bind them together

enzymes

water is eliminated each time we join atoms ....

together

breaking down reactions -

hydrolosis " water -cut"

frequently ..... are needed for breaking down reactions

enzymes

cells with the monomers depends on ....

process for energy used to build bigger molecules for structures, function, or storage

when the metabolism speed is fast .....

effiecent chemistry | burns calories

when metabolism speed is slow ....

``` ineffeicent chemistry stores calories (puts on weight) ```