Chapter 6. Suffixes and Digestive System Terms - Medical Terms

Question 1

abdominal ultrasonography

Answer 1

sound waves beamed into the abdomen and product an image of abdominal viscera

Question 2

aphthous stomatitis

Answer 2

inflammation of the mouth with small ulcers; canker sores

Question 3

atresia

Answer 3

absence of a normal opening

Question 4

bariatric surgery

Answer 4

reducing the size of the stomach and diverting food to the jejunum; also called gastric bypass

Question 5

biliary atresia

Answer 5

congenital absence of the opening from the common bile duct into the small intestine (duodenum)

Question 6

bronchospasm

Answer 6

sudden involuntary contraction of muscles in the walls of the bronchial tubes; occurs in asthma

Question 7

buccal

Answer 7

pertaining to the cheek

Question 8

cecal volvulus

Answer 8

abnormal twisting of the cecum (first part of the colon)

Question 9

celiac disease

Answer 9

an inherited autoimmune disorder in which the villi in the small intestine are damaged when an affected person eats foods containing gluten

Question 10

cheilosis

Answer 10

abnormal condition of the lips

Question 11

cholangitis

Answer 11

inflammation of a bile vessel (bile duct)

Question 12

cholangiography

Answer 12

x-ray recording of bile vessels (ducts) using radiopaque contrast medium

Question 13

cholangiopancreatography

Answer 13

x-ray recording of bile vessels (ducts) and the pancreas after administration of contrast material directly into bile and pancreatic ducts

Question 14

cholecystectomy

Answer 14

removal of the gallbladder

Question 15

colecystojejunostomy

Answer 15

formation of a new opening between the gallbladder and the jejunum (second part of the intestine); an anastomosis

Question 16

cholecystolithiasis

Answer 16

abnormal condition of stones in the gallbladder

Question 17

choledochal

Answer 17

pertaining to the common bile duct

Question 18

cholelithiasis

Answer 18

abnormal condition of stones in the gallbladder or common bile duct

Question 19

cholestatis

Answer 19

stoppage of bile flow

Question 20

colectomy

Answer 20

surgical removal of the colon (large intestine)

Question 21

colonoscopy

Answer 21

visual examination of the colon

Question 22

computed tomography

Answer 22

series of x-ray pictures showing cross-sectional, axial, or transverse images of internal organs

Question 23

dentalgia

Answer 23

pain in a tooth

Question 24

duodenal

Answer 24

pertaining to the duodenum

Question 25

dysmenorrhea

Answer 25

painful menstrual flow

Question 26

dyspepsia

Answer 26

painful digestion; indigestion

Question 27

dysphagia

Answer 27

difficulty in swallowing

Question 28

endoscopic ultrasonography

Answer 28

(EUS) use of an endoscope combined with ultrasound to examine the organs of the gastrointestinal tract

Question 29

esophageal atresia

Answer 29

congenital absence of the normal opening from the esophagus to the stomach

Question 30

gastric bypass

Answer 30

reducing the size of the stomach diverting food into the jejunum (gastrojejunostomy); surgery to promote weight loss for extreme obesity (bariatric surgery)

Question 31

gastroenteritis

Answer 31

inflammation of the stomach and intestines

Question 32

gastrointestinal endoscopy

Answer 32

visual examination of the stomach and intestines (GI tract) using an endoscope; esophagogastroduodenoscopy, colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy

Question 33

gastrojejunostomy

Answer 33

new surgical connection (anastomosis) between the stomach and the jejunum (second part of the small intestine)

Question 34

gastrostomy

Answer 34

creating a new opening of the stomach to the outside of the body through an opening in the abdominal wall

Question 35

gingivectomy

Answer 35

removal of gum tissue

Question 36

glossectomy

Answer 36

removal of the tongue

Question 37

glycogen

Answer 37

a form of sugar stored in the liver

Question 38

hematemesis

Answer 38

vomiting blood

Question 39

hemolysis

Answer 39

breakdown or destruction of blood, specifically red blood cells

Question 40

hemoptysis

Answer 40

spitting or coughing up blood as a result of bleeding from any part of the respiratory tract

Question 41

hemorrhage

Answer 41

bursting forth or excessive flow of blood

Question 42

hemostasis

Answer 42

stopping or controlling the flow of blood

Question 43

hepatomegaly

Answer 43

enlargement of the liver

Question 44

herniorrhaphy

Answer 44

suturing up a hernia

Question 45

ileostomy

Answer 45

new opening of the ileum to the outside of the body

Question 46

labiodental

Answer 46

pertaining to the lips and teeth

Question 47

laparoscopy

Answer 47

visual examination of the abdomen; minimally invasive surgery (MIS) of the abdomen

Question 48

lipase

Answer 48

enzyme to digest fat

Question 49

liver biopsy

Answer 49

removal of liver tissue (percutaneous) followed microscopic examination

Question 50

liver function tests

Answer 50

tests for the presence of enzymes and bilirubin in blood or serum (clear fluid that remains after blood has clotted); examples are ALT (SGPT) and AST (SGOT), alkaline phosphatase, and serum bilirubin tests

Question 51

lower gastrointestinal series

Answer 51

x-ray images of the colon and lower portion of the small intestine after injecting barium into the rectum; barium enema

Question 52

lymphangiectasia

Answer 52

widening or dilation of lymph vessels

Question 53

magnetic resonance imaging

Answer 53

(MRI) magnetic waves and radio waves produce images of organs and tissues in all three planes of the body

Question 54

menorrhagia

Answer 54

excessive flow of blood during menstruation

Question 55

nasogastric intubation

Answer 55

insertion of a tube through the nose into the stomach; removal of postoperative secretions or to obtain gastric and intestinal contents for analysis

Question 56

oropharynx

Answer 56

central portion of the throat, just beyond the mouth

Question 57

palatoplasty

Answer 57

surgical repair of the palate (roof of the mouth)

Question 58

pancreatic

Answer 58

pertaining to the pancreas

Question 59

paracentesis

Answer 59

surgical puncture to remove fluid from the abdomen or periotoneal cavity; abdominocentesis

Question 60

periodontal membrane

Answer 60

membrane that surround the tooth in the tooth socket

Question 61

polyphagia

Answer 61

excessive eating

Question 62

proctosigmoidoscopy

Answer 62

visual examination of the anus, rectum, and sigmoid colon

Question 63

proptosis

Answer 63

forward protrusion of the eyeballs; exophthalmos

Question 64

pyloric stenosis

Answer 64

narrowing of the pyloric sphincter

Question 65

pylorospasm

Answer 65

sudden involuntary contraction of muscles at the pyloric sphincter

Question 66

rectal carcinoma

Answer 66

cancer of the rectum

Question 67

rhinoplasty

Answer 67

surgical repair of the nose

Question 68

sialadenectomy

Answer 68

removal of a salivary gland

Question 69

splenic flexure

Answer 69

downward bend of the colon on the left side of the body toward the descending colon

Question 70

steatorrhea

Answer 70

discharge of fat in feces; malabsorption of fat results from intestinal disease

Question 71

stool culture

Answer 71

test for microorganisms, such as bacteria, in feces

Question 72

stool guaiac

Answer 72

test for detection of occult (hidden) blood in feces

Question 73

sublingual

Answer 73

pertaining to under the tongue