Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Language of Medicine > Chapter 7. Urinary System - Medical Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 7. Urinary System - Medical Terms Flashcards

(84 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

acetone

A

ketone body produced in abnormal amounts in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, when there is excessive fat breakdown in cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

albuminuria

A

protein in the urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

antidiuretic hormone

A

pituitary gland hormone that normally stimulates the kidney to decrease production of urine, preventing excessive loss of water; also called vasopressin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

anuria

A

suppression of urine formation by the kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

arteriole

A

small artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

azotemia

A

excess of nitrogenous waste products in the blood; uremia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

bacteriuria

A

bacteria in the urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

caliceal

A

pertaining to the calyx (a cup-shaped collecting chamber in the central portion of the kidney)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

caliectasis

A

dilation or widening of a calyx; this occurs when urine is backed up in the kidney as in hydronephrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

calyx; calyces

A

cup-shaped collecting region in the renal pelvis (central section of the kidney)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

catheter

A

tube for injecting or removing fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

cortex

A

outer region of an organ; renal cortex is the outer region of the kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

cortical

A

pertaining to the cortex (outer region of an organ)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

creatinine

A

nitrogen-containing waste product of muscle metabolism; excreted by the kidney in urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

creatinine clearance test

A

measures the rate at which creatinine is cleared from the blood by the kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

cystectomy

A

excision (removal) of the urinary bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

cystitis

A

inflammation of the urinary bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

cytoscopy

A

visual (endoscopic) examination of the urinary bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

cystostomy

A

new opening of the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

diabetes insipidus

A

abnormal condition of inadequate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the pituitary gland; patients experience polyruria (excessive urination) and polydipsia (excessive thirst)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

diabetes mellitus

A

abnormal condition of no insulin or inadequate insulin secretion from the pancreas; this leads to hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) and glycosuria (sugar in the urine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

diuresis

A

increased excretion of urine by the kidneys; a diuretic is an agent that increases diuresis, such as tea, coffee, or water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

dysuria

A

painful urination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

edema

A

abnormal accumulation of fluid in tissue spaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
electrolyte
chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water; examples are sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) and chloride (Cl-)
26
enuresis
betwetting; literally, "in urine"
27
erythropoietin
hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate red blood cell production by bone marrow
28
essential hypertension
high blood pressure due to no apparent cause
29
filtration
process by which some substances, but not all, pass through a filter or other type of material
30
glomerular capsule
collects the material that is filtered from the blood through the walls of the glomerulus; also known as Bowman capsule
31
glomerulonephritis
inflammation of glomeruli in the kidney
32
glomerulus; glomeruli
tiny ball of capillaries (microscopic blood vessels) in the cortex of the kidney; as blood flows through each glomerulus, waste materials and other substances are filtered from the bloodstream
33
glycosuria
sugar in the urine
34
hematuria
blood in the urine
35
hemodialysis
removal of waste materials (urea, creatinine, and uric acid) from the blood in patients whose kidneys have stopped functioning; blood leaves the body and circulates through a machine that removes wastes before sending the blood back into the body through a vein
36
hilum
depression or hollow in the surface of an organ, such as the kidney and lung; it is the area where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave the organ
37
hydronephrosis
abnormal condition of excess backup of fluid (urine) in the kidney
38
hyperkalemia
high levels of potassium in the blood
39
hyponatremia
low levels of sodium in the blood
40
interstitial nephritis
inflammation of the tissue in the kidney that lies between (interstitium) the nephrons (functional units)
41
intravesical
pertaining to within the bladder
42
ketonuria
presence of ketones in the urine; common in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, but can occur in anytime the body begins to break down fatty tissue to provide energy as in starvation
43
ketosis
accumulation of large quantities of ketone bodies (acetones) in the blood; ketoacidosis
44
kidney
one of two bean-shaped organs behind the abdominal cavity on either side of the backbone in the lumbar region
45
lithotripsy
process of using high-energy sound waves to crush a stone within the kidney or ureter
46
meatal stenosis
narrowing of the meatus (opening) leading from the urethra to the outside of the body
47
meatus
an opening or passageway; the urinary meatus is the opening of the urethra to the outside of the body and the auditory meatus is the opening of the ear to the outside of the body
48
medulla
inner region of an organ
49
medullary
pertaining to the medulla or an organ
50
nephrolithiasis
abnormal condition of kidney stones
51
nephrolithotomy
incision of the kidney to remove a stone
52
nephron
functional unit of the kidney, consisting of a glomerulus, renal tubule, and collecting tubule
53
nephropathy
disease or abnormality of the kidney
54
nephroptosis
prolapse of a kidney; floating or wandering kidney
55
nephrostomy
opening of the kidney to the outside of the body
56
nephrotic syndrome
group of symptoms that occur due to loss of protein in the urine; symptoms include edema, hypoalbuminemia (loss of protein from the blood), heavy proteinuria, and infection; also known as nephrosis
57
nitrogenous waste
substance containing nitrogen and excreted in urine; examples are urea, creatinine and uric acid
58
nocturia
urinary frequency at night
59
oliguria
scanty urination
60
parenchyma
parenchyma of an organ is its essential and distinctive tissue
61
paranephric
pertaining to beside or near a kidney
62
peritoneal dialysis
separation of nitrogenous wastes from the bloodstream by introducing fluid into the peritoneal cavity; wastes then leave the bloodstream and enter the fluid, which is drained through an abdominal catheter
63
phenylketonuria
excess of phenylketones in the urine; diagnosed by a PKU test at birth
64
polycystic kidney disease
kidneys are filled with cysts that prevent normal kidney function
65
polydipsia
excessive thirst
66
polyuria
excessive urination
67
potassium
chemical element that forms salts with other minerals such as calcium and is vital for bodily processes; when dissolved in water it is an electrolyte whose balance is regulated by the kidney
68
pyelolithotomy
incision to remove a stone from the renal pelvis of the kidney
69
pyelonephritis
inflammation of the renal pelvis and kidney; caused by bacterial infection
70
pyuria
pus in the urine; sign of urinary tract infection (UTI)
71
reabsorption
process in the kidney by which the renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back into the bloodstream
72
renal angiography
x-ray record of blood vessels of the kidney after injecting contrast material
73
renal angioplasty
surgical repair of blood vessels in the kidney, narrowed areas of renal arteries are dilated using an inflatable balloon attached to a catheter
74
uric acid
nitogenous waste formed when proteins are used in cells; it is excreted by the kidneys in urine
75
urinalysis
series of tests to evaluate the composition of urine, it includes tests to determine color, appearance, sugar, bacteria, and protein in the blood
76
urinary bladder
hollow container with muscular walls that holds and stores urine until it is discharged from the body; urinary catheterization is passage of a catheter into the urinary bladder for temporary or permanent drainage of urine
77
urinary catheterization
passage of a catheter into the urinary bladder for temporary or permanent drainage of urine
78
urinary incontinence
involuntary passage of urine
79
urinary retention
inability to pass urine, which is held back in the urinary bladder; urination is the process of expelling urine; micturition; voiding
80
urination
process of expelling urine
81
vesicoureteral reflux
backflow of urine from the urinary bladder to the ureters
82
voiding
urination
83
voiding cystourethrogram
x-ray record of the urinary bladder and urethra taken while a patient is urinating and after contrast material is injected retrograde through the urethra
84
wilms tumor
malignant neoplasm of the kidney that occurs in childhood

Language of Medicine (49 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions