Flashcards in Chapter 13. Blood System - Medical Terms Deck (120):
1
albumin
protein found in blood
2
anisocytosis
inequality in the size of red blood cells
3
antibody
protein made by white blood cells in response to foreign substances (antigens) in the blood
4
anticoagulant
substance that stimulates the production of an antibody
5
antigen
foreign agent that stimulates the production of an antibody
6
basophil
white blood cell (leukocyte) containing dark granules that stain with a basic dye
7
bilirubin
orange-yellow pigment found in bile; it is released from the brakdown of hemoglobin when red blood cells die
8
coagulation
process of blood clotting
9
coagulopathy
disease of blood clotting
10
colony-stimulating factor
protein that stimulates the growth and proliferation of white blood cells (granulocytes)
11
cytology
study of cells
12
differentiation
specialization of cells from immature to mature forms
13
electrophoresis
technique used to separate serum proteins by electrical charge
14
eosinophil
white blood cell whose granules stain intensely with an acidic eosin (reddish) dye; elevated in allergic reations
15
eosinophilia
increase in numbers of eosinophils in the bloodstream
16
eyrthroblast
immature, developing red blood cells
17
erythropoiesis
formation of red blood cells
18
erythropoietin
substance (hormone) produced by the kidney to stimulate bone marrow to produce erthrocytes
19
fibrin
protein threads that form the basis of a blood clot
20
fibrinogen
plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in the clotting process
21
globulin
major blood protein; immunoglobulin
22
granulocyte
white blood cell with numerous dark-staining granules; neutrophil, eosinophil and basophil
23
granulocytopenia
deficiency of granulocytes
24
hematopoiesis
formation of blood cells
25
hemoglobin
blood protein containing iron; carries oxygen in red blood cells
26
hemoglobinopathy
disease or defect of hemoglobin production; sickle cell anemia is an example
27
hemolysis
destruction or breakdown of blood; specifically red blood cells
28
hemostasis
stoppage of bleeding or circulation of blood
29
heparin
anticoagulant found in blood and tissues
30
hypochromic
pertaining to deficiency in color; decrease in hemoglobin in red blood cells
31
immune reaction
response of the immune system to foreign invasion
32
immunoglobulin
antibody-containing protein in the blood; IgG, IgA, IgM
33
leukaphersis
mechanical separation of white blood cells from the rest of the blood
34
leukocyte
white blood cell
35
leukopenia
deficiency of white blood cells
36
lymphocyte
white blood cell with a single nucleus (mononuclear); capable of producing antibodies
37
macrocytosis
presence of large red blood cells in the blood
38
macrophage
large phagocytic cell migrating from the blood into the tissues
39
megakaryocyte
large, giant cell with a big nucleus; platelet precursor found in the bone marrow
40
microcytosis
increased numbers of smaller than normal red blood cells
41
monoblast
immature monocyte
42
mononuclear
pertaining to a white blood cell with a single, round nucleus; monocyte or lymphocyte
43
morphology
study of the shape and form of cells, particularly red blood cells
44
myeloblast
immature granulocytic white blood cell; a cell normally only found in the bone marrow
45
myelodysplasia
preleukemic condition
46
myeloid
derived from bone marrow
47
myelopoiesis
formation and development of bone marrow or cells that originate from it
48
neutropenia
deficiency of neutrophils
49
neutrophil
white blood cell with dark granules that stain with a neutral dye; phagocyte formed in the bone marrow and the body's first line of defense against disease
50
neutrophilia
increased numbers of neutrophils
51
pancytopenia
deficiency of all (blood) cells
52
phagocyte
cell that engulfs another cell or foreign organizm and destroys it
53
plasma
liquid portion of blood containing proteins, water, salts, nutrients, hormones, and vitamins
54
plasmapheresis
removal of plasma from withdrawn blood by centrifuge
55
platelet
clotting cell or thrombocyte
56
plateletpheresis
separation of platelets from the rest of the blood
57
poikilocytosis
variation in the shape of red blood cells
58
polymorphonuclear
pertaining to a multi-lobed nucleus (in granulocytic white blood cells)
59
prothrombin
plasma protein converted to thrombin in the clotting process
60
reticulocyte
immature erthrocyte with a network of strands (reticulum)
61
Rh factor
antigen (protein) on red blood cells of Rh positive individuals
62
serum
plasma minus clotting proteins (prothrombin and fibrinogen) and clotting cells
63
sideropenia
deficiency of iron in the blood
64
spherocytosis
increase in numbers of sphere-shaped red blood cells, as in a type of anemia (hemolytic anemia)
65
stem cell
unspecialized cell that gives rise to all forms of specialized cells in the body; hematopioetic stem cells are found in the bone marrow and lead to the development of all types of blood cells
66
thrombin
enzyme necessary for blood clotting (converts fibrinogen to fibrin in the clotting process)
67
thrombocyte
platelet; clotting cell
68
thrombocytopenia
deficiency of clotting cells
69
thrombolytic therapy
treatment with drugs to break down clots that may abnormally form in blood vessels
70
thrombosis
condition of clot formation
71
acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)
malignant, immature lymphocytes multiply in the blood, bone marrow, and lymphatic system
72
acute leukemia (AML)
malignant, immature granulocytes called myleoblasts multiply in the bone marrow and bloodstream
73
anemia
deficiency in erythrocytes or hemoglobin
74
antiglobulin test
test for the presence of antibodies that coat and damage erythrocytes; Coombs test
75
apheresis
withdrawal and separation of blood elements
76
aplastic anemia
failure of blood cell production due to aplasia (absence of formation) of bone marrow cells
77
autologous transfusion
removal and then reinfusion of a patient's own blood or blood components
78
bleeding time
time required for blood to stop flowing from a tiny puncture wound
79
blood transfusion
blood cells or whole blood from a closely matched donor are infused into a patient
80
bone marrow biopsy
needle aspiration of a small amount of bone marrow followed by examination under a microscope
81
chronic lymphocytic leukemia
malignant, but relatively mature lymphocytes, multiply in bone marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen
82
coagulation time
time required for venous blood to clot in a test tube
83
chronic myelogenous leukemia
malignant, but relatively mature granulocytic leukocytes multiply in the bloodstream
84
complete blood count
determination of the number of red and white blood cells, platelets, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red cells indices (MCH, MCV, MCHC) in a sample of blood
85
dyscrasia
blood disease
86
ecchymoses
large blue or purplish on the skin (bruises)
87
erythrocyte sedimentation rate
measurement of the speed at which erythrocytes settle or fall to the bottom of a test tube
88
granulocytosis
increased numbers of granulocytes in the blood
89
hematocrit
percentage of red blood cells in a given volume of blood
90
hematopoietic stem cell transplant
peripheral (found in the blood) stem cells from a compatible donor are administered into the vein of a recipient
91
hemochromatosis
excessive deposits of iron throughout the body
92
hemoglobin test
total amount of hemoglobin in a sample of the blood
93
hemolytic anemia
reducgtion in eyrthrocytes due to excessive destruction of red blood cells
94
hemophilia
hereditary disease of blood clotting failure with abnormal bleeding; affected individuals are lacking a blood clotting factor (factor VIII or factor IX)
95
intrinsic factor
substance normally found in gastric (stomach) juice that helps absorption of vitamin B12 into the bloodstream
96
leukemia
increase in cancerous white blood cells
97
mononucleosis
infectious disease marked by increased numbers of leukocytes and enlarged cervical lymph nodes
98
multiple myeloma
malignant tumor of bone marrow; overproduction of immunoglobulins and destruction of bone tissue
99
palliative
relieving, but not curing illness
100
pernicious anemia
lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb vitamin b12 into the body
101
petechiae
small, pinpoint hemorrhages caused by bleeding under the skin
102
platelet count
number of platelets per cubic millimeter or microliter of blood
103
polycythemia vera
increase in numbers of red blood cells (erythremia)
104
prothrombin time
test of the ability of blood to clot
105
purpura
multiple pinpoint hemorrhages and accumulation of blood under the skin caused by deficiency of clotting cells (platelets)
106
red blood cell count
number of erythrocytes per cubic millimeter or microliter of blood
107
red blood cell morphology
microscopic examination of a stained blood smear to determine the shape of individual red blood cells
108
relapse
return of symptoms of a disease
109
remission
disappearance of symptoms of disease
110
sickle cell anemia
hereditary condition marked by abnormal sickle shape of erythrocytes and my hemolysis
111
thalassemia
inherited defect in the ability to produce hemoglobin, usually seen in persons of Mediterranean background
112
white blood cell count
number of leukocytes per cubic millimeter or microliter of blood
113
white blood cell differential
percentaqe of the total white blood cell count made up by different types of leukocytes
114
red blood cell morphology
microscopic examination of a stained blood smear to determine the shape of individual red blood cells
115
relapse
return of symptoms of a disease
116
remission
disappearance of symptoms of disease
117
sickle cell anemia
hereditary condition marked by abnormal sickle shape of erythrocytes and my hemolysis
118
thalassemia
inherited defect in the ability to produce hemoglobin, usually seen in persons of Mediterranean background
119
white blood cell count
number of leukocytes per cubic millimeter or microliter of blood
120