Chapter4-Logics, Ethics, and Decision Making

Question 1

What is the ability to reason and present a strong argument in favor of or against a position. It also is the ability to recognize fallacies in the arguments of others and their body able to refute or correct the opposing position?

Answer 1

Logic

Question 2

Analysis of the principles of human conduct in order to be able to determine between right or wrong is what?

Answer 2

Ethics

Question 3

What is the ability to have empathy or sympathy for another person and make arguments based on emotional appeals?

Answer 3

Pathos

Question 4

What are the four types of reasoning?

Answer 4

Inductive, deductive, causal, and analogical

Question 5

What is the process that arrives at a general conclusion based on a foundation of specific examples or data such as stats, charts, and graphs

Answer 5

Inductive reasoning

Question 6

What are numbers that are gathered as raw data to support the argument?

Answer 6

Statistics

Question 7

What is the process of reaching a specific conclusion based on a general statement or principal?

Answer 7

Deductive reasoning

Question 8

What is a three-part statement consisting of a major premise, minor premise, and conclusion?

Answer 8

Syllogism

Question 9

What is the three-step ethics check?

Answer 9

Is it legal? Is it fair? How will it make me feel?

Question 10

What is the process based on the premise that the relationship between two or more events in such a way that it is obvious one because the other?

Answer 10

Causal reasoning

Question 11

The causal process is based on specific occurrences and is closely linked with what other type of reasoning?

Answer 11

Inductive

Question 12

Based on a comparison between two similar cases it infers that word is true in one case must be true in the other is what type of reasoning?

Answer 12

Analogical reasoning

Question 13

What is a false or fallacious reasoningthat occurs when someone attempts to persuade others without evidence?

Answer 13

Fallacy

Question 14

What fallacy takes place when an individual makes a faulty connection between the cause and effect

Answer 14

Causal fallacy

Question 15

What fallacy occurs when people make the statement that everybody is doing it so it must be right?

Answer 15

Bandwagon fallacy

Question 16

What fallacy occurs when a week easily refuted statement is made to take attention off of the main point?

Answer 16

Strawman fallacy

Question 17

What fallacy makes an argument or conclusion that is based on insufficient or nonexistent evidence often times through stereotyping?

Answer 17

Hasty generalization fallacy

Question 18

What Salacia occurs when someone uses your relevant facts to distract the listener from the main issue and this is staple of politicians

Answer 18

Read herring fallacy

Question 19

What is the non sequitur fallacy?

Answer 19

A fallacy where the argument does not follow the topic

Question 20

What fallacy consist of a series of worsening consequences that are assumed will result from the initial decision?

Answer 20

Slippery slope fallacy

Question 21

What is the philosophical principle that is used to determine correct and proper behavior by the members of society?

Answer 21

Ethics

Question 22

What is the bottom line mentality?

Answer 22

Essentially a company is only concerned with the bottom line and does not pay attention to ethical or unethical decisions

Question 23

What is a pork barrel project?

Answer 23

Government expenditure that has no real value other than making a political figure look good

Question 24

What are the four main reasons for lying?

Answer 24

Basic needs, affiliation, self-esteem, or self gratification

Question 25

What is a 1 to 2 page statement of the values that govern the organization and the expectations desired in the actions of management and membership?

Answer 25

Written code of ethics

Question 26

What is a four-way test described as a means of testing the ethical value of a decision?

Answer 26

Abilene paradox

Question 27

If a situation or problem requires a decision then officers should follow the basic assessment which asks how many questions?

Answer 27

4

Question 28

What is the first question in the basic assessment?

Answer 28

Is the decision within the Authority of the company officer

Question 29

What is the second question and the basic assessment model?

Answer 29

Is there sufficient information available about the situation or problem to make an informed decision

Question 30

What is the third question and the basic assessment model?

Answer 30

How with the decision affect the unit or the organization

Question 31

What is the fourth question in the basic assessment model?

Answer 31

Is the problem worth the effort

Question 32

What are decisions that are routine or we Koering and are generally based on standards, rules, regulations, procedures, or policies

Answer 32

Generic decisions

Question 33

What are decisions that involve a non-recurring, nonroutine, unique, and significant situation?

Answer 33

Exceptional decisions

Question 34

What are the three conditions that affect decisions?

Answer 34

Certainty, risk, and uncertainty

Question 35

Decisions that have known results and require specific resources or what?

Answer 35

Certainly decisions

Question 36

Decisions that will have probable consequences, although there is possibility of an unknown outcome is what

Answer 36

Risk decisions

Question 37

Decisions that have completely unknown consequences, usually because of the lack of information are known as what?

Answer 37

Uncertainty decisions

Question 38

The rational decision model is most often used on what type of decisions?

Answer 38

Generic

Question 39

What model allows the leader to select the decision that will satisfy the minimal requirements of the situation?

Answer 39

Bounded rationality model

Question 40

The bounded rationality model is most often used in what type of decisions

Answer 40

Generic

Question 41

What management style is used when leaders use groups to help in the decision-making process

Answer 41

Participatory management style

Question 42

What are the six steps to the decision-making process

Answer 42

Classify the problem, defined the problem, list alternative options, determine the best response, convert the decision to an action, and finally test action against the desired result

Question 43

Do generic or exceptional problems require more data to determine the specific problem?

Answer 43

Generic

Question 44

Do generic or exceptional problems require that information related to the specific event be gathered quickly?

Answer 44

Exceptional

Question 45

In the six step decision making process which step is the key element that changes and attention into an active decision?

Answer 45

Convert the decision to an action

Question 46

Internal barriers are the result of what?

Answer 46

Psychological conflict with the individual

Question 47

How can individuals overcome fear?

Answer 47

Ask questions such as what is the worst thing that can happen

Question 48

Ego or self-esteem issues can be overcome by?

Answer 48

EAP program is in counseling

Question 49

What should an officer do if he feels possible indecisiveness in a decision?

Answer 49

Make the best judgment he can and any decision is better than a no decision

Question 50

What causes distrust?

Answer 50

Low self-esteem

Question 51

How can an officer overcome antagonism?

Answer 51

By providing clear and concise instructions and listening to the ideas and concerns of others

Question 52

How can jealousy be overcome?

Answer 52

Good communication skills and treating others with respect

Question 53

How can an individual overcome external barriers?

Answer 53

Understand that these barriers are outside of the individuals control

Question 54

How can an officer overcome lack of capacity with external/organizational policy?

Answer 54

Build political alliances inside and outside the organization

Question 55

How can one prevent the Abilene paradox from happening?

Answer 55

Communication

Question 56

What is the most popular four-way test for fire officers when trying to determine if a decision is ethical or not?

Answer 56

Is the decision based on will analyze facts, is the decision based on ethical values held by the community, well the decision build strong internal and extra no relationships, and will the decision benefit everyone involved

Question 57

What is the word that describes active opposition the decision-maker will compromise despite knowing this is not the best option

Answer 57

Antagonism

Question 58

What dooms decisions to failure from the start

Answer 58

Lack of membership support