circulation (lab)

Question 1

Blood flow in mammals pathway

Answer 1

Right atrium -> Right ventricle -> Pulmonary artery -> CAPILLARIES IN THE lungs (where gas exchange occurs!) -> Pulmonary veins -> Left atrium -> Left ventricle -> Aorta (long vessel extending down the length of the body to deliver blood to organs, where blood becomes deoxygenated) -> Cranial vena cava (upper body)/Caudal vena cava (lower body) -> back to right atrium, repeat

Question 2

blood flow pathway sharks

Answer 2

Atrium -> Ventricle -> Conus arteriosus -> Ventral aorta -> Afferent branchial arteries (afferent = ‘towards’; branchial = ‘gills’) -> CAPILLARY BEDS IN THE GILL LAMELLAE (where gas exchange occurs!) -> Efferent branchial arteries (efferent = ‘away from’) -> Dorsal aorta (long vessel extending down the length of the body to deliver blood to organs, where blood becomes deoxygenated) -> Sinus venosus (back to atrium, repeat)

Question 3

pleural cavity

Answer 3

cavity for lungs

Question 4

ventral aorta

Answer 4

in sharks, after conus arteriosus, leads to branchial arteries

Question 5

branchial arteries

Answer 5

bring blood to and from gills. start at ventral aorta, end up dorsal aorta (move thru systemic)

Question 6

dorsal aorta

Answer 6

merged efferent branchial arteries, moves blood thru system

Question 7

celiac artery

Answer 7

first to branch off the dorsal aorta above liver. splits again around stomach

Question 8

thoracic region

Answer 8

where the thoracic vert are

Question 9

coronary arteries and veins

Answer 9

visible on outside of ventricle

Question 10

aortic arch (mammals)

Answer 10

from R ventricle, curves over pulmonary artery caudally to form dorsal aorta (goes to systemic)

Question 11

common carotid arteries mink

Answer 11

branch off brachiocephalic in mammal (place of jugular vein)

Question 12

subclavians

Answer 12

arteries: R comes off branchiocephalic (R of carotid), L comes out of aorta outside of where brachiocephalic comes out and moves cranially. (subclavian vein is in same place)

Question 13

brachial artery/vein

Answer 13

comes off from axial artery (branch of subclavian) to be most lateral branch. vein is same position but it attaches to subclavian vein etc

Question 14

jugular veins

Answer 14

on either side of the neck, connect down to branchiocephalic veins, the internal (smaller) is internal and external is external

Question 15

caudal vena cava

Answer 15

connects to systemic veins in trunk to bring blood back to R side

Question 16

cranial vena cava

Answer 16

connects to branchiocephalic vein to bring blood back to R side

Question 17

innominate

Answer 17

brachiocephalic

Question 18

axillary artery/vein

Answer 18

branch off subclavian towards arms

Question 19

renal artery/vein

Answer 19

first symmetrical set to branch off caudal systemic veins as leaving heart

Question 20

femoral artery/vein

Answer 20

in leg, common iliac > ext iliac > femoral

Question 21

iliolumbar veins/arteries

Answer 21

last paired branching before postheart caudal vessels split for good down the legs (into iliac)

Question 22

order of branching off caudal systemic vessels

Answer 22

caudal vena cava/dorsal aorta to celiac (only one branch, rest are paired), X, renal, X, X(many, lumbar), iliolumbar, (split) common iliac, internal and external iliac (off external) femoral

Question 23

aorta

Answer 23

the whole unit off which arteries flow

Question 24

subscapular artery

Answer 24

4th branch off subclavian

Question 25

transverse scapular vein

Answer 25

branches off ext jugular above shoulder

Question 26

brachiocephalic artery

Answer 26

branches off from aorta to R

Question 27

pulmonary arteries

Answer 27

feed ventricles/pulmonary circuit (artery goes R to circuit, vein goes circuit to L)

Question 28

brachiocephalic trunk

Answer 28

where jugulars and subclavian and axillary branch off

Question 29

larynx

Answer 29

area after pharynx, before trachea, contains voice box

Question 30

atria through orders

Answer 30

fish/sharks = 1, everyone else 2

Question 31

ventricles thru orders

Answer 31

fish, sharks, amphibians, - 1; reptiles - septated; crocodilians, mammals, birds - 2

Question 32

coronary arteries and veins thru orders

Answer 32

in fish there are R and L visible on front. exist on surface of ventricle

Question 33

vena cavas thru orders

Answer 33

fish - left and right, on back of atrium and hepatic veins come in bottom; amphibians: sinus venosus has 2 superior and 1 inferior; crocs have 2 sup 1 inf, turtles too (inf on the right with hepatic vein also connecting to system); birds have 2 sup but R is like mammals and 1 R inferior. mammals have 1 of each on R side

Question 34

aortic arch thru orders

Answer 34

exists as arch starting in crocs and turtles (they have 2), and birds and mammals have just one (birds on R, mammals on the L)

Question 35

common carotid thru orders

Answer 35

first inner branches off aorta in tetrapods i thinkkkkkkkk

Question 36

subclavians thru orders in diagram

Answer 36

birds and mammals have it as outer branches next to common carotid/ brachiocephalic

Question 37

pulmonary arteries thru orders

Answer 37

pulmocutaneous artery lateral to common carotid in amphibians, pulmonary from L side/ventricle in crocs and turtles, birds have it coming up L too, mammals same (All have left and right branch bc two lungs).

Question 38

pulmonary veins thru orders

Answer 38

on dorsal side. amphibians have L and R to R atrium, crocs have L and R coming out from btwn vena cava, turtles have one central one, birds have two just above inf vena cava on right, mammals have 4 feeding in back centrally.

Question 39

apex of heart

Answer 39

at bottom, points left.

Question 40

looking at sheep heart

Answer 40

apex curves left, the right ventricle is smaller.

Question 41

shark heart from diagram (ventral view)

Answer 41

branchial arteries above, ventral aorta, conus arteriosus, ventricle in front, atrium behind, vena cavas attached and hepatic veins cut below in model

Question 42

fish heart from diagram

Answer 42

branchial arteries off aorta, conus arteriosus, coronary arteries (in front), atrium, ventricle, sinus venosus (connects vena cavas), hepatic veins at bottom

Question 43

frog heart diagram (top down)

Answer 43

common carotid, pulmocutaneous, aorta, leads to heart (R atrium, conus arteriosus with spiral valve, L atrium, ventricle). back: pulmonary veins, sinus venosus (with inf and 2 sup venae cavae)

Question 44

croc heart diagram (top down)

Answer 44

brachiocephalic, aortic arches on either side, pulmonary on L, (atria and ventricles), back: those top arteries and under: pulmonary veins (L and R), L and R sup vena cava, inf vena cava. dont forget foramen of panizza

Question 45

turtle heart diagram

Answer 45

mystery in middle top, aortic arches and pulmonary arteries on sides, then atria and ventricles. back: aortas and pulm arteries, pulm vein btwn sup venae cavae attached to sinus venosus with hepatic vein on L with inf vena cava on R

Question 46

bird heart diagram

Answer 46

common carotid, subclavians, aorta on right and pulmonary artery on left. right of artery u can see sup vena cava, then atria and ventricles. back: same stuff on top, can see R and L pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins are under and next to inf vena cava on right.

Question 47

mammal heart diagram (L to R wrt animal)

Answer 47

pulm artery, L common carotid/subclavian, brachiocephalic (both off aorta), sup vena cava (all above atria and ventricles). back: under top stuff pulm arteries (R and L), pulm veins (4), inf. vena cava, and L coronary artery and coronary sinus are prominent.