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Classic Labs-Findings Flashcards

2
Q

Classic Labs-Findings

Anticentromere antibodies

A

Scleroderma (CREST)

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3
Q

Classic Labs-Findings

Antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies

A

Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)

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4
Q

Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

A

Goodpasture’s syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)

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5
Q

Antihistone antibodies

A

Drug-induced SLE (hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide)

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6
Q

Anti-IgG antibodies

A

Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)

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7
Q

Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs)

A

Primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)

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8
Q

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)

A

Vasculitis (c-ANCA: Wegener’s; p-ANCA: microscopic polyangiitis, Churg-Strauss syndrome)

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9
Q

Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA)

A

SLE (type 3 hypersensitivity)

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10
Q

Antiplatelet antibodies

A

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)

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11
Q

Anti-topoisomerase antibodies

A

Diffuse systemic scleroderma

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12
Q

Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies

A

Celiac disease (diarrhea, distention, weight loss)

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13
Q

“Apple core” lesion on abdominal x-ray

A

Colorectal cancer (usually left-sided)

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14
Q

Azurophilic granular needles in leukemic blasts

A

Auer rods (acute myelogenous leukemia, especially the promyelocytic [M3] type)

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15
Q

Bacitracin response

A

Sensitive: Streptococcus pyogenes (group A); resistant: Streptococcus agalactiae (group B)

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16
Q

“Bamboo spine” on x-ray

A

Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27)

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17
Q

Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

A

Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)

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18
Q

Basophilic stippling of RBCs

A

Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

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19
Q

Bloody tap on LP

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

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20
Q

“Boot-shaped” heart on x-ray

A

Tetralogy of Fallot, RVH

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21
Q

Branching gram-postive rods with sulfur granules

A

Actinomyces israelii

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22
Q

Bronchogenic apical lung tumor

A

Pancoast tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner’s syndrome)

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23
Q

“Brown” tumor of bone

A

Hemorrhage (hemosiderin) causes brown color of osteolytic cysts. Due to: 1. Hyperparathyroidism 2. Osteitis fibrosa cystica

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24
Q

Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy

A

Chaga’s disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)

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25
Q

Cellular crescents in Bowman’s capsule

A

Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis

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26
"Chocolate cyst" of the ovary
Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)
27
Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils
Homer Wright rosettes (Neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)
28
Colonies of mucoid Pseudonomas in lungs
Cystic fibrosis (AR mutation to CFTR resulting in fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)
29
Decreased alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormality
30
Degeneration of dorsal column nerves
Tabes dorsalis (Tertiary syphilis)
31
Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra
Parkinson's disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)
32
Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum
Curschmann's spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs)
33
Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid
Call-Exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary)
34
Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia
Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)
35
Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies
"Owl's eye" appearance of CMV
36
Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei
"Orphan Annie" eye nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)
37
Eosinophilic cytoplamsic inclusion in liver cell
Mallory bodies (alcoholic liver disease)
38
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell
Lewy body (Parkinson's disease)
39
Eosinophilic globule in liver
Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)
40
Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells
Rabies virus (Lyssavirus)
41
Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain
Senile plaques (Alzheimer's disease)
42
Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions ("owl's eye")
Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin's lymphoma)
43
Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells
Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)
44
"Hair-on-end" (crew-cut) appearance on x-ray
Beta-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (marrow expansion)
45
hCG elevated
Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo)
46
Heart nodules (granulomatous)
Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)
47
Heterophile antibodies
Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
48
Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions
Bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)
49
High level of D-dimers
DVT, pulmonary embolism, DIC
50
Hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)
Ghon complex (Primary TB: Mycobacterium bacilli)
51
"Honeycomb lung" on x-ray
Interstitial fibrosis
52
Hypersegmented neutrophils
Megaloblastic anemia (B12 deficiency: neurologic symptoms; folate deficiency: no neurologic symptoms)
53
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54
Hypochromic, microcytic anemia
Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia (HbF sometimes present)
55
Increased alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
Dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects)
56
Increased uric acid levels
Gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics
57
Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies
Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or CMV)
58
Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum
Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: increased chance of mesothelioma)
59
Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency
Chediak-Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)
60
"Lead pipe" appearance of colon on x-ray
Ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)
61
Linear appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence
Goodpasture's syndrome
62
Low serum ceruloplasmin
Wilson's disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)
63
"Lumpy-bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on immunofleorescence
Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (immune complex deposition of IgG and C3b)
64
Lytic ("hole-punched") bone lesions on x-ray
Multiple myeloma
65
Mammary gland ("blue-domed") cyst
Fibrocystic change of the breast
66
Monoclonal antibody spike (4 things)
1. Multiple myeloma (called the M protein; usually IgG or IgA); 2. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS; normal consequence of aging); 3. Waldenstrom's (M protein= IgM) macroglobulinemia; 4. Primary amyloidosis
67
Monoclonal globulin protein in blood/urine
Bence Jones proteins (multiple myeloma [kappa or lambda Ig light chains in urine]:, Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (IgM)
68
Mucin-filled cell with peripheral mucleus
Signet ring (gastric carcinoma)
69
Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium radiograph
"String sign" (Crohn's disease)
70
Needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals
Gout (monosodium urate crystals)
71
Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli
Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)
72
Novobiocin response
Sensitive: Staphylococcus epidermidis; resistant: Staphylococcus saprophyticus
73
"Nutmeg" appearance of liver
Chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure
74
"Onion-skin" periosteal reaction
Ewing's sarcoma (malignant round-cell tumor)
75
Optochin response
Sensitive: Streptococcus pneumoniae; resistant: Viridans streptococcus
76
Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area
Codman's triangle on x-ray (osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis
77
Podocyte fusion on EM
Minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)
78
Polished, "ivory-like" appearance of bone at cartilage erosion
Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)
79
Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of protein tau
Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer's disease and CJD)
80
Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy
Glioblastoma multiforme
81
RBC casts in urine
Acute glomerulonephritis
82
Rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusion in Leydig cells
Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)
83
Renal epithelial casts in urine
Acute toxic/viral nephrosis
84
Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent
Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate)
85
Rib notching
Coarctation of the aorta
86
Ring-enhancing brain lesion in AIDS
Toxoplasma gondii
87
Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells ("starry sky" appearance on histology)
Burkitt's lymphoma (t[8:14] c-myc activation, associated with EBV; "black sky" made up of malignant cells)
88
Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons
Pick bodies (Pick's disease: progressive dementia, changes in personality)
89
"Soap bubble" in femur or tibia on x-ray
Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)
90
"Spikes" on basement membrane, "dome-like" subepithelial deposits
Membranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nephrotic syndrome)
91
Stacks of red blood cells
Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)
92
Stippled vaginal epithelial cells
"clue cells" Gardnerella vaginalis)
93
"Tennis-racket"-shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells
Birbeck granules (histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma)
94
Thrombi made of white/red layers
Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)
95
"Thumb sign" on lateral x-ray
Epiglottitis (Haemophilus influenzae)
96
Thyroid-like appearance of kidney
Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis
97
"Tram-track" appearance on LM
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
98
Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles
Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)
99
WBCs that look "smudged"
CLL (almost always B cell; affects the elderly)
100
"wire loop" glomerular appearance on LM
Lupus nephropathy
101
Yellow CSF
Xanthochromia (previous subarachnoid hemorrhage)

Rapid Review STEP 1 (13 decks)

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