Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Neuro > clinical 4 > Flashcards

clinical 4 Flashcards

(50 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

seizures + roughened area of skin over lumbar spine =

A

tuberous sclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is contraindicated in females with migraine + aura

A

combination oral contraception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

why is combination oral contraception contraindicated in migraine with aura

A

due to an increased risk of stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

maximum score you can get in GCS

A

15

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

tension headache treatment:

acute:
prophylaxis:

A

acute: paracetamol, NSAIDS or aspirin
prophylaxis: acupuncture, low dose amitriptyline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

investigations for subarachnoid haemorrhage

A
  • CT (negative in 5%)

- lumbar puncture: done after 12 hrs (allowing time for xanthochromia to develop)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is status epilepticus

A

epileptic seizure of more than 5 mins or more than one seizure within 5 min period without person returning to normal between them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

first line treatment for status epileptics

A

benzodiazepines (rectal)

lorazepam (IV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

if first line against status epilepticus doesn’t work after 10 mins, second line treatment is?

A

phenytoin, sodium valproate, levetiracetam, or phenobarbital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

if second line treatment for status epilepticus doesn’t work after 30 mins, next line is?

A

induction of general anaesthesia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what drug must all people who have subarachnoid haemorrhage get and why

A

calcium channel blocker (-pine) to prevent cerebral vasospasm which is common following subarachnoid haemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

signs of 3rd nerve palsy

A

Ptosis + dilated pupil + deviated down and out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

signs of horners

A

ptosis + constricted pupil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

headache red flags (9)

A 
>20 + malignancy
sudden onset 
vomiting 
fever 
cognitive dysfunction 
personality changes 
orthostatic headache (changes aggravate it) 
triggered by coughing, valsalva, sneeze or exercise 
change in consciousness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

diagnostic criteria for migraines without aura

A

minimum of 5 attacks fulfilling criteria of:

A - lasting 4-27 hrs
B - Headache has at least two of the following characteristics:
1. unilateral location*
2. pulsating quality (i.e., varying with the heartbeat)
3. moderate or severe pain intensity
4. aggravation by or causing avoidance of routine physical activity (e.g., walking or climbing stairs)
C - During headache at least one of the following:
1. nausea and/or vomiting*
2. photophobia and phonophobia
D - Not attributed to another disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how do childrens migraines differ?

A

usually shorter-lasting, headache is more commonly bilateral, and gastrointestinal disturbance is more prominent.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

first line treatment for someone who has had a TIA and all symptoms are gone with ABCD2 score of 4+

A

300mg aspirin + specialist review within 24 hrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

scoring system used after TIA

A

ABCD2 score

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

If the ABCD2 risk score is 3 or below

A
  • specialist assessment within 1 week of symptom onset, including decision on brain imaging
  • if vascular territory or pathology is uncertain, refer for brain imaging
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what do you giv people who cannot tolerate clopidogrel

A

aspirin + dipyridamole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Factors favouring true epileptic seizures

Study These Flashcards
A

tongue biting

raised serum prolactin

22
Q

Factors idicating pseudoseizures

Study These Flashcards
A 
pelvic thrusting
family member with epilepsy
more common in females
crying after seizure
don't occur when alone
gradual onset
23
Q

time period someone cannot drive if they have a seizure

24
Q

most common psychiatric feature in someone with parkinson

25
what is paraesthesia.
pins and needles
26
in what condition is paraesthesia common
restless leg syndrome
27
what is akathisia
uncontrollable urge to move legs
28
treatment for restless leg syndrome
simple measures: walking, stretching, massaging affected limbs treat any iron deficiency dopamine agonists are first-line treatment (e.g. Pramipexole, ropinirole) benzodiazepines gabapentin
29
most common side affect of pizotifen (migraine treatment)
Weight gain + drowsiness
30
which anti migraine drug causes weight gain and drowsiness so no longer used
pizotifen
31
Obese, young female with headaches / blurred vision think what diagnosis
idiopathic intracranial hypertension
32
when do you do carotid endarterectomy following TIA
if carotid stenosis is >70%
33
what is typical in syringomyelia
spinothalamic sensory loss (pain and temperature)
34
when can anti epileptic drugs be stopped
if seizure free for > 2 years, with AEDs being stopped over 2-3 months
35
how do you treat drug over use headache
depends on drug group simple analgesia + triptans: stop abruptly opioid analgesia: withdraw gradually
36
what is Lhermitte's sign
tingling in her hands which comes on when she flexes her neck
37
what is Lhermitte's sign a sign of
indicates disease near the dorsal column nuclei of the cervical cord
38
in what disease do you see Lhermitte's sign
MS
39
ataxic gait suggests which neurological condition
multiple system atrophy
40
what conditions do you get postural hypotension
multiple system atrophy and parkinsons
41
example of a multiple system atrophy
Shy-Drager syndrome
42
disease modifying drug given in MS
beta-interferon
43
treatment for acute relapse of MS
steroids - IV methylprednisolone
44
giving disease modifying drugs in MS requires a criteria to be met. what are these
* relapsing-remitting disease + 2 relapses in past 2 years + able to walk 100m unaided * secondary progressive disease + 2 relapses in past 2 years + able to walk 10m (aided or unaided)
45
first line treatment for MS spasticity
baclofen and gabapentin
46
treatment for bladder dysfunction in MS
* if significant residual volume → intermittent self-catheterisation * if no significant residual volume → anticholinergics may improve urinary frequency
47
Triptans are specific 5-HT1 agonists given in migraine, what side effects do they cause
'triptan sensations' - tingling, heat, tightness (e.g. throat and chest), heaviness, pressure
48
triptans are usually given along with
paracetamol and NSAIDs
49
features of lewy body dementia (3)
* progressive cognitive impairment * parkinsonism * visual hallucinations (other features such as delusions and non-visual hallucinations may also be seen)
50
what drugs should be avoided in lewy body dementia and why
antipsychotic agents - can cause irreversible parkinsonism

Neuro (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions