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1
Q

bells palsy: UMN or LMN

A

LMN

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2
Q

bels palsy nerve

A

CN7

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3
Q

what is ramsay-hunt syndrome

A

varicella voster facial palsy

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4
Q

UMN lesion & facial palsy

A

forehead spared = TIA/stroke/MS

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5
Q

bels palsy & forehead

A

forehead spared (LMN)

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6
Q

symptoms of brown-squad syndrome

A
  • ipsilateral spastic paraparesis

- contralateral pain/temp loss and no platter reflex

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7
Q

Ramsay hunt treatment

A

prenisolone

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8
Q

drug that often leads to delirium

A

anticholinergics

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9
Q

Delirium treatment

A

treat cause, dark quiet side room, haloperidol/lorazapam/antipsychitics if required

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10
Q

MMSE score for dementia

A

<24/30

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11
Q

alzheimers treatment (non severe)

A

donepezil

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12
Q

severe alzheimers treatment

A

memantine

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13
Q

fluctuating confusion, parkinsonism and hallucinations

A

lewy body dementia

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14
Q

drugs to avoid in lewy body

A

anti-psychotics and anti parkinsonian

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15
Q

treatment for lewy body

A

ACE - rivastigmine

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16
Q

generalised seizure treatment

A

sodium valproate

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17
Q

what typeof seizure must you Not give carbamazepine

A

absence

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18
Q

focal seizure treatment

A

carbamazepine

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19
Q

driving and seizures: first seizure

A

6 months off

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20
Q

driving and seizures: epilepsy

A

1 year off that must be seizure free

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21
Q

folic acid and sodium valproate

A

5mg folic acid when trying to conceive

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22
Q

problem when starting anti epileptic drugs

A

increased risk of suicidal thoughts

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23
Q

risk that needs to be explained to those with epilepsy

A

sudden unexplained death in epilepsy

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24
Q

essential tremor treatment

A

propanolol

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25
what condition might you SIADH in
Guillain-Barre | **hyponatremia: not due to low sodium but due to it being diluted in high plasma volume**
26
Guillain-Barre treatment
IV immunoglobulin/plasma exchange/methylprednisolone
27
complication of Guillain-Barre
respiratory failure
28
Guillain-Barre investigations might show what
nerve conduction studies show demyelination - SIADH - high CSF protein - ECG (blocks) - spirometry changes
29
severe pulsatile unilateral headache
migraine
30
who don't you give sumatriptan to
if cardiovascular risk
31
Migraine risk
ischaemic stroke
32
acute migraine treatment
aspirin and sumatriptan
33
migraine prophylaxis
atenolol
34
acute cluster headache treatment
oxygen, sumatriptan
35
cluster headache prophylaxis
verapamil
36
fat bitches get this
benign intracranial hypertension
37
triad for horners
ptosis miosis anhidrosis
38
what is ptosis
droopy eye lid
39
what is miosis
constricted pupil
40
Horners: total upper anhidrosis suggests what pathology
central lesion: stroke, MS, CNS tumour, encephalitis
41
Horners: facial anhidrosis suggests what pathology
pre-ganglionic: pan coast tumour (gastric cancer)
42
Horners: no anhidrosis suggests what pathology
post-ganglionic - carotid aneurism/disection , cluster headache
43
hunting tons genetics
autosomal dominant | CAG repeats > 40
44
MRI brain: large front horns of lateral ventricles
Horners
45
what is hydrocephalus
excess CSF production: can be communicating (venous blockage/high CSF production) or non-communicating (obstructive)
46
shuffling gait, urinary incontinence, dementia
normal pressure hydrocephalus
47
layers of dura from most outer inwards
dure => arachnoid => pia
48
what bleeds in extra dural
middle meningeal artery
49
extra dural shape on CT
convex (egg shaped)
50
extra dural/subdural treatment
conservative or burr hole/surgery is large
51
what bleeds in subdural
communicating veins
52
who gets subdural
old/alchy - brain atrophy | acceleration/deceleration injury
53
subdural on CT
concave (slim, flat)
54
sub dural deterioration pattern
slow
55
extradural deterioration
traume > LOC > lucid period > deterioration
56
thunderclap headache
subarachnoid
57
subarachnoid haemorrhage management
CCB: nimodipine to reduces vasospasm/ischaemia. surgery required
58
mixed UMN/LMN signs
motor neurone disease
59
fasciculations think what diagnosis
Motor neurone disease
60
MRI: lesions disseminated in place and time
MS
61
what type of immune cell drives MS
T cells
62
normal first presentation of MS
optic neuritis or horners
63
what is optic neuritis
deyelinaton of optic nerve: sudden loss of vision (partial or complete), sudden blurred or "foggy" vision, and pain on movement
64
acute MS treatment
methylprednisolone, interferon beta
65
what is myasthenia gravis
anti-ACh-receptor antibodies that causes muscle fatiguability
66
Myasthenia gravis treatment
pyridostigmine or prenisolone of severe
67
what is myasthenia gravis associated with
thymoma
68
myasthenia gravis symptoms
diplopia/ptosis, proximal muscle weakness, dysphagia, fatigue that worsens with activity and improves with rest
69
myasthenia gravis investigations
anti-AChR antibodies or anti-SM Ab
70
what is radiculopathy
damage to sets of nerves at nerve root
71
parkinsons triad
resting tremor, rigidity, bradkinesia
72
part of brain is affected in parkinson
substantia nigra
73
rule for parkinson treatment
avoid giving L-dopa as long as possible
74
what is dyskinesia
involuntary muscle movements
75
L-dopa side effects
dyskinesia and postural hypotension
76
location of stroke: hemiplegia, sensory loss, homonymous hemianopia, dysphagia
Cerebral hemisphere
77
location of stroke: quadriplegia, visual disturbance, locked-in syndrome
brainstem
78
location of stroke: isolated deficiency, intact consciousness
lacunar infarct
79
stroke investigations
CT, ECG/eco looking for AF, carotid doppler, lipid screen
80
stroke management
300mg aspirin if CT confirms ischaemic (continued for 2 weeks) and life long clopidogrel and statin
81
ABCD2
age > 60, BP > 140/90, clinical feature, duration >1hr, diabetes
82
time frame for thrombolysis on ishchaemic stroke
4.5 hours of onset
83
types of thrombolysis given on stroke
alteplase or tPA
84
follow up treatment if carotid found to have disease during investigations after stroke/TIA
carotid endarterectomy (clearing out of shit) - stand if occlusion > 70%
85
what causes stroke in young people
carotid artery dissection

Neuro (20 decks)

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