intro to neurons/conduction/synaps

Question 1

where would you find a unipolar neurone

Answer 1

peripheral autonomic neurone - single neurite

Question 2

dorsal root ganglion has what type of neurone

Answer 2

pseudounipolar - single neurite that bifurcates

Question 3

retinal neurone is what type

Answer 3

bipolar (2 neurites)

Question 4

lower motor neurone is of what type

Answer 4

multipolar (3+ neurites)

Question 5

4 functional regions of neurone

Answer 5

input > integration > conductile > output

Question 6

Na+ and K+ channels are ____ activated

Answer 6

voltage

Question 7

upstroke, what moves & where to?

Answer 7

Na+ moves in (fast)

Question 8

downstroke, what moves & where to

Answer 8

K+ moves out (slowly)

Question 9

value for threshold

Answer 9

• 60mV

Question 10

different membrane potentials during action potential

Answer 10

• 70 (resting) > -60 (threshold) > +40 (overshoot) > -80 (undershoot)

Question 11

time taken for an action potential

Answer 11

2 milli secs

Question 12

an action potential has ___ amplitude

Answer 12

constant

Question 13

makes myelin in CNS

Answer 13

oligodendrocytes

Question 14

makes myelin in PNS

Answer 14

schwann cells

Question 15

oligodendrocytes and schwann cells are both types of

Answer 15

macroglia

Question 16

other than location, what is the difference between myeline from schwann and oligodendrocytes

Answer 16

oligodendrocytes cover many axons, where multiple schwann cells will cover a single axon

Question 17

ri

rm

Answer 17

ri - resistance of axoplasm

rm - resistance of axon membrane

Question 18

how can you increase passive current spread in axon

Answer 18

increase rm (axoplasm resistance) by insulating (myeline)
decrease ri (membrane reistance) by increasing axon diameter

Question 19

in CNS most common excitatory neurotransmitter is

Answer 19

glutamate

Question 20

most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in CNS is

Answer 20

GABA - gama aminobutyric acid or glycine

Question 21

glutamate activates what type of receptor

Answer 21

postsynaptic, CATION selective, ionotropic, glutamate receptors

Question 22

GABA or glycine active what receptors

Answer 22

postsynaptic IONOTROPIC , GABAa, or glycine receptors

Question 23

amino acid neurotransmitters include

Answer 23

GABA, glycine, glutamate

Question 24

the binding of inhibitory neurotransmitter to receptor results in

Answer 24

membrane potential becoming even more negative

Question 25

examples of amine neurotransmitters (5)

Answer 25

``` ACh dopamine histamine noradrenaline seratonin ```

Question 26

amino acid and amine neurotransmitters are released from ___ vesicles

Answer 26

synaptic vesicles

Question 27

secretory vesicles realease what type of neurotransmitter

Answer 27

peptide

Question 28

All, except ___ , can also activate metabotropic G protein-coupled receptors.

Answer 28

glycine

Question 29

which type of receptor binding leads to relatively slow neurotransmission

Answer 29

G protein coupled

Question 30

Glutamate, GABA, glycine, acetylcholine, and 5-HT can activate _____ ion channels (LGICs). These mediate ____ neurotransmission

Answer 30

1) ionoptopic ligand-gated | 2) fast

Question 31

which neurotransmitters must be synthesised by specific enzymes

Answer 31

GABA and all amines (ACh, dopamine, histamine, noradrenaline and serotonin)

Question 32

enzymes that synthesise GABA and amines are made in ___ and transported to synapse via _____

Answer 32

in cell body | via axoplasmic transport (along microbes)

Question 33

enzymes synthesise neurotransmitter from ___

Answer 33

precursor