pastest 3 Flashcards
(114 cards)
1
Q
thiamine is what vitamin
A
B1
2
Q
which cranial nerve has the longest course
A
6th abducens
3
Q
cranial nerve in bells palsy
A
lower motor of 7th (facial)
4
Q
treatment for cluster headache
A
sumatriptan and high flow oxygen
5
Q
drug given to reduce ICP
A
mannitol (diuretic)
6
Q
which cranial nerve has the longest course
A
6th abducens
7
Q
cranial nerve in bells palsy
A
lower motor of 7th (facial)
8
Q
treatment for cluster headache
A
sumatriptan and high flow oxygen
9
Q
winged scapula: nerve and muscle
A
long thoracic nerve, serratus anterior
10
Q
weakness in elblow flexion (nerve?)
A
musculocutaneous nerve
11
Q
epidural haematomma crosses suture line?
A
no (dura mater there to it)
12
Q
sentinel headache
A
precedes sub arachnid haemorrhage
13
Q
lens shape on CT
A
extra dural
14
Q
what will be seen in perineal nerve damage
A
dorsiflexion weakness/foot drop
weakness in eversion
loss of sensation to dorm of foot and medial aspect of leg
weak extensor hallicus longus
15
Q
loss of knee reflex, what nerve
A
femoral
16
Q
femoral nerve lesion will show what
A
loss of knee reflex
weakness in hip flexors and knee extensors
17
Q
weakness in hip flexors and knee extensors - nerve
A
femoral
18
Q
sciatic nerve made up of what roots
A
L4 - S2
19
Q
loss of ankle reflex - nerve?
A
sciatic nerve
20
Q
weakness in muscles below knee - nerve?
A
sciatic nerve
21
Q
loss of sensation over foot and posterolateral lower leg
A
sciatic
22
Q
shoulder shrugging, what nerve
A
spinal accessory
23
Q
spinal accessory arise from
A
C1-C5
24
Q
pathway of spinal accessory
A
arise from C1-C5, ascend through foramen magnum, descent through jugular, crosses 1/3 down sternocleidomastoid (which it innervates)along the posterior triangle , then onto trapezius (which it innervates)
25
innervates skin over deltoid
axillary nerve
26
myasthenia gravis age of onset
~ 20
27
treatment for myasthenia gravis
acetylecholine esterase inhibitors
28
who get duchesses
only boys (x-linked)
29
myasthenia gravis is Ab to what
Ach receptors
30
which tracts crosses in spinal cord
spinalothalamic (pain and temp) **quick to cross**
31
hyperreflexia: UMN or LMN
UMN
32
positive babinski sign: UMN or LMN
UMN
33
sensorimotor to lower limb is via which 3 nerves
femoral, sciatic, obturator
34
femoral and obturator arise from same level, this is where
L2-L4
35
right sided extradural haematomma leading to herniation of temporal uncus can present with what neurological signs
weakness in both upper and lower LEFT limbs, dilated pupil in RIGHT eye
36
nerves for afferent and efferent of corneal reflex
afferent: ophthalmic division of trigeminal (sensory)
efferent: facial (blink - motor)
37
puffing of cheeks tests what nerve
facial nerve
38
clenching jaw is what nerve
mandibular division of trigeminal
39
what nerve passes along cavernous sinus in brain
ophthalmic division of trigeminal
40
pathology affecting cavernous sinus will show what sign
absent corneal reflex
41
upper limbs wlil be spared as long as a spinal injury is below what level
T1
42
all lower limb nerve arise from where
above the 5th the sacral segment
43
indian ink staining of CSF
Cryptoccosus meningiti
44
viral meningitis profile
opening pressure: normal
WBC: lymphocytes predominant
protein: increased
glucose: normal
45
bacterial meningitis profile
opening pressure: Increased
WBC: neutrophil predominant
protein: increased
glucose: decreased
46
cryptococcus meningite profile
opening pressure: increased
WBC: lymphocytes predominant
protein: increased
glucose: normal/decreased
47
14-3-3 protein in CSF
prion disease
48
EEG shows triphasic spikes
prion disease
49
histology in prion disease will show what changes in brain tissue
instead of alpha helical protein get beta sheets
50
numbness of lateral thigh, what nerve
lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
51
numbness of medial thigh, medial leg and medial ankle
femoral nerve
52
weakness in hip flexion and knee extension
femoral nerve
53
weakness of knee flexion
sciatic
54
weakness in adduction and internal rotation of hip
obturator
55
what will be seen in brain tissue of someone with alzheimers
amyloid plaques and tau proteins neurofiblary tangles
56
what typer of dementia will have frontal lobe features
picks disease
57
complete loss of vision in one eye
optic nerve of ipsilateral eye
58
bitemporal heminopai
optic chasm
59
right homonymous hemianopia
left optic tracts/radiation
60
left homonymous hemianopia
right optic tract/radiation
61
3 categories of glasgow comma score
```
eyes response (4)
verbal response (5)
motor response (6)
```
62
GCS: eye response if out of how many?
4
63
GCS: verbal response if out of how many?
5
64
GCS: motor response if out of how many?
6
65
what drugs cane given to stop a fit and by what route
lorazepam - IV
| diazepam - rectal
66
drug you can give in several consecutive fits/status epileptics that have already had diazepam/lorazipam
IV phenytoin
67
other pathology associated with myasthenia gravis
thymus disease
68
first line treatment for bacterial meningitis
cephalosporin (cefotaxime)
69
what drugs do you give for alcohol withdrawal
chlordiazepoxide and thiamine
70
polymorph leucocytosis =
neutrophils
71
CSF in TB meningitis is have what 2 particular features
very high protein and very low glucose
72
viral meningotis protein level will be
slightly elevated
73
non hospital treatment of suspected bacterial meningitis
IM/IV benzylpenicillin
74
hospital treatment of bacterial meningitis of unknown organism
IV cefotaxime
75
hospital treatment of bacterial meningitis of unknown organism > 55 yrs
Iv cefotaxime + ampicillin
76
why do you also give ampicillin to > 55 yrs in bacterial meningitis where organism is not know
incase of listeria **also if immunocompromised**n
77
viral meningitis also called
aseptic meningitis
78
most common cause of viral meningitis
enteroviruses (echoviruses)
79
treatment for viral encephalitis
aciclovir
80
appearance of CSF in bacterial meningitis
turbid/cloudy
81
appearance of CSF in viral meningitis
clear
82
appearance of CSF in TB meningitis
fibrin web
83
glucose in bacterial
84
glucose in TB
85
glucose in viral
> 50% of plasma
86
how do you differentiate TB from viral
TB will have
87
vessels involved in sub dural
bridging veins
88
what might indicate encephalitis rather than meningitis
confusion, seizures, increased signal in temporal lobes on MRI
89
what type of meningitis do you see nerve palsy
TB
90
Oligoclonal bands =
MS (Ab's that indicate inflammation of CNS)
91
gait seen in normal pressure hydrocephalus
broad based, small stepping, difficulty initiating
92
homonymous hemianopia occurs in infarct in what part of brain
occipital
93
expressive dysphagia = what area
broca's
94
receptive dysphagia = what are
wernickes
95
fluent nonsensual speech
receptive (wernickes) dysphagia
96
injury to elbow or shaft of humorous usually damages what nerve
radial
97
fingers innervated by median nerve
thumb, index and middle
98
shoulder dislocation usually results in damage to what nerve
axillary
99
what tract carries fine touch
dorsal column
100
dorsal column carries what sensations
fine touch
2 point discrimination
vibration
proprioception
101
anterior spinothalamic tract senses what
crude touch
102
lateral spinothalamic senses what
pain and temp
103
pain and temp
lateral spinothalamic
104
crude touch
anterior spinothalamic tract senses what
105
vibration
dorsal column
106
what can cause neuritis
MS
connective tissue disease
diabetes
lead poisoning
107
headache + stiff neck but no fever
subarachnoid haemorrhage
108
increased pain on bending forward indicates what
raised ICP
109
dilated ventricles + increased opening CSF pressure
benign intracranial hypertension
110
treatment for benign intracranial hypertension
```
stop COCP if on it
lose weight
acetazolamide or dexamethasone
repeated therapeutic lumbar puncture
ventriculo-peritoneal shunt
```
111
drugs you can give in benign intracranial hypertension
acetazolamide (diuretic) or dexamethasone (steroid)
112
what gives you a headache in the morning
raised ICP (SOL, benign intracranial pressure, chronic bleeds)
113
which haematomma DOES cross sutures
sub dural (extradural does not)
114
which haematomma DOES cross the midline
extradural (sub dural does not)
