CNS - stokes, tia, haemorrhage Flashcards
(18 cards)
Causes of cerebrovascular disease (stroke, TIAs, Intracerenral haemorrhage)
- Hypoxia
- Ischaemia
- Infaraction due to impaired blood vessels
- Haemorrage from CNS vessel
The brain requires constant supply of…
Glucose and oxygen
Results in Global Hypoperfusion (blood flow redcued to the whole brain)
- Hypotension
- Cardiac Arrest
Afterwards may have normal cardiac output, but have no neurological function
What is a Transient Ischaemia Attack ?
(TIA)
- Mini stroke
- Tempory loss of functions for 24hrs or under
- 1 in 10 have a proper stroke if not treated
Prevention of stroke..
- Antiplatet therapy - aspirin or chlopidogrel
- Control BP
- Loer cholestrerol
What is a STROKE?
- Loss of function lasts over 24hrs
Ischemia stroke
Haemorrhagic stroke
What is ischemia stroke?
Blockage of artery
Results of
- Atheroma
- Thrombosis
- Embolus
What is a haemorrhagic stroke?
Bleed on the brain
- hypertenision
- anneurysm
Risk factors of STROKE?
- hypertension
- diabetes mellitus
- heart disease, af ischaemic
- previous TIAs
- hypelipidaemia
Causes of STROKE?
Hypoxia of brain
- Atheroma
- Embolus
What would happen if a prerson had a left middle cerebral artery territory infarct
all damaged would present on the right side of the body, speech, visual, motor
Once stroke has occured..
Tissue does not grow back, Liquefactive necrosis
Managment of STROKE
- Thrombolysis - breakup of blood clots
- Antiplatet drugs
- Physiotherapy
- Occupational theraphy
- SALT
- Supportive treament
Causes of haemorrhagic events
- hypertension
- vascular malformation - anneurysm
- neoplasia - tumour
- trauma
- drug abuse
- latrogenic
Haemorrhagic events present with
headache, rapid or gradual decrease of conscious level
Subarachnoid Haemorrhage
- Catastrophc
- Thunderclap headche
- Menegitis signs
Subdural Haemorrhage
- occurs beween dura and arachnoid
- people often on anticoagulants or alcohol
- result in trauma
- snapping of bridging veins between cortex and venous sinuses
- present late
Extradural Haemorrhage
- Head injury
- Slowly falling concious level
- Neurological signs slowly deveolp - lucid period
- Fractured temporal and parietal bones
- Middle meningeal artery
