Immunity and Disease

Question 1

Toxoid

Answer 1

Bacterial toxin

eg Dipheria

Question 2

Conjugated

Answer 2

Antigen linked to protein carrier

eg Pheumococcal

Question 3

Inactivated Vaccines

Answer 3

Inactivated, part of pathogen

eg Hep B

Question 4

Live Vaccines

Answer 4

Live, weakened, pathogen

eg MMR

Question 5

Active Immunity

Answer 5

Activate own immune system to bring out adaptive immune response, prevent future infection

Question 6

Autoimmunes diseases

Answer 6

Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Coeliac diseases
Multiple sclerosis
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

Question 7

Overreaction to pathogen

Answer 7

Hyperactive

systemic inflammatory response syndrome

Question 8

Normally display

‘self tolerance’

Answer 8

Self reactive lymphocytes

• deleted centrally
• suppressed in periphery

Question 9

Failure of organism in recognising its own parts as self

Leads to immune response to its own cells and tissue

Answer 9

Autoimmunity

Question 10

Chemo drugs
HIV
Splenectomy
Bone Marrow dysfunction

Answer 10

Deficient

Question 11

HIV
Retrovirus
Infects CD4+ Tcells
Causes AIDs

Answer 11

Immunodeficiency

Question 12

Prone to infections..

Answer 12

Immunodeficiency

Question 13

What disease do you have..

decline in CD4+ Tcells
‘opportunistic infections’

Answer 13

AIDS

Question 14

Stages of progression immunodeficiency

Answer 14

1. infection
2. latency
3. AIDS

Question 15

Excessive immune reaction against harmless antigen

• astma
• rhinitis, hay fever
• peanut allergy

Answer 15

Hyperactive

Question 16

T-cells

Helper

Answer 16

CD4+

• Stimulate B-cells
• Activate cytotoxic cells and macrophages to attack infected cells

Question 17

B Cells

Lymphocytes

Answer 17

secrete antibodies

• humoral immunity
• recognise pathogens outside cells

Question 18

T cells

Lymphocytes

Answer 18

• don’t recognise free antigen
• attack invaders
• help b cells

Question 19

bind to antigen on cell or free > plamsa cells > more antibody

or can become memory cell

Answer 19

B cells

Question 20

Memory cells

Answer 20

remain ready to divide rapidly if an invasion occurs again

Question 21

Helper t cells (cd4) stimulated by antigen > cytokines to stimulate b cells division

Answer 21

Signalling immune response

Question 22

How do T cells recognise an invader

Answer 22

Detect antigen - protein marker on cell surface

Question 23

• seeks out an destroy any antigens in the system/ destroy microbes ‘tagged’ by antibodies
• some can recognise cancer cells

Answer 23

T cells

cytotoxic