Immunity and Disease Flashcards
(23 cards)
Toxoid
Bacterial toxin
eg Dipheria
Conjugated
Antigen linked to protein carrier
eg Pheumococcal
Inactivated Vaccines
Inactivated, part of pathogen
eg Hep B
Live Vaccines
Live, weakened, pathogen
eg MMR
Active Immunity
Activate own immune system to bring out adaptive immune response, prevent future infection
Autoimmunes diseases
Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Coeliac diseases
Multiple sclerosis
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Overreaction to pathogen
Hyperactive
systemic inflammatory response syndrome
Normally display
‘self tolerance’
Self reactive lymphocytes
- deleted centrally
- suppressed in periphery
Failure of organism in recognising its own parts as self
Leads to immune response to its own cells and tissue
Autoimmunity
Chemo drugs
HIV
Splenectomy
Bone Marrow dysfunction
Deficient
HIV
Retrovirus
Infects CD4+ Tcells
Causes AIDs
Immunodeficiency
Prone to infections..
Immunodeficiency
What disease do you have..
decline in CD4+ Tcells
‘opportunistic infections’
AIDS
Stages of progression immunodeficiency
- infection
- latency
- AIDS
Excessive immune reaction against harmless antigen
- astma
- rhinitis, hay fever
- peanut allergy
Hyperactive
T-cells
Helper
CD4+
- Stimulate B-cells
- Activate cytotoxic cells and macrophages to attack infected cells
B Cells
Lymphocytes
secrete antibodies
- humoral immunity
- recognise pathogens outside cells
T cells
Lymphocytes
- don’t recognise free antigen
- attack invaders
- help b cells
bind to antigen on cell or free > plamsa cells > more antibody
or can become memory cell
B cells
Memory cells
remain ready to divide rapidly if an invasion occurs again
Helper t cells (cd4) stimulated by antigen > cytokines to stimulate b cells division
Signalling immune response
How do T cells recognise an invader
Detect antigen - protein marker on cell surface
- seeks out an destroy any antigens in the system/ destroy microbes ‘tagged’ by antibodies
- some can recognise cancer cells
T cells
cytotoxic
