The Urinary System and the Male Genital Tract Flashcards
(23 cards)
UTI’s
Elderly population Common in female Pregnancy Diabetes Catheters or stones
Most common organism causing UTI
E.coli
Staphlococcus, proteus and klebsiella
Types of UTI’s
Cystitis
Pyelonephritis
Prostatitis
Symptoms of cystitis
frequency, dysuria, urgency, haematuria and suprapubic pain
Symptoms of pyelonephritis
high fever, rigors, vomiting, loin pain and tenderness
Symptoms of prostatitis
flu-like symptoms, few urinary symptoms, and a swollen ender prostate on PR
Management of uti
Drink plenty of fluids
Antibiotics
Ultra sound
Hospital admission
Renin
help control bp
Erythropoietin
stimulates production of RBC’s in he bone marrow and helps productions of Vit D
Acute renal failure
deterioration in renal function occurring over ours or days
Low urine vol
rising plasma urea and creatinine levels
Pre-renal
hypo perfusion, sepsis
Renal
ATN damage to tubules due to ischaemia or nephrotoxins
Post renal
Renal tract obstruction
Management of Acute Renal Failure
Find and treat cause
Suitable drugs for kidney
Stop nephrotoxic drugs (NASID, ACE-I)
Renal replacement
Chronic Renal Failure
Occurs over years
classified into 5 stages depending of glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
GFR is the vol of fluid filtered from the glomerular capillaries into the Bowman’s capsule per unit time
Symptoms by stage 4
Common causes of chronic renal failure
Glomerulonephritis Diabetes ** Renovascular disease Hypertension ** Polycystic disease
Glomerulonephritis
Damage t glomerular filtration apparatus
This could cause leak of protein or blood into the urine
Usually there is a disposition of immune complexes in part of the nephron
Kindey Stones
Crystal aggregates that form in the collecting ducts of the kidneys and can deposit anywhere in the renal tract
Risk factors of kidney stones
Dehydration Diet Drugs Renal tract abnormalities Recurrent UTI Metabolic abnormalities
Renal cell carcinoma
85% of all renal cancers
ages 50-70 years
causes smoking hypertension asbestos hereditary
Symptoms of renal cancer
haematuria
loin pain
abdominal ass
paraneoplastic syndrome
Treatment for renal cancer
Radical nephrectomy +/- chemo
What is transitional cell carcinoma?
common malignant condition
