Female Reproductive Tract Flashcards
(21 cards)
Human Papilloma Virus
Transmitted by sexual contact
Risk increases with increase of sexual partners
No symptoms
Main cause of CIN and cervical cancer
Many different types
Low risk types, wart verruca’s
High risk types, cervical cancer
HPV vaccination ages 12-13
Cervical Intra-epithelial Neoplasia
3 stages under microscope
Cervical cancer
Risk factors -HPV, smoking, non attendance to screening Symptoms -Abnormal discharge and bleeding -later stages cervix can look abnormal
What is cervical cancer
Abnormal cells and invasion stroma
Can present with inter-menstrual or post-coital bleeding
Treatment of cervical cancer
depends of stage of diagnosis
local excision or radical hysterectomy
chemo
Endocervical polyps
Not cancerous
Benign lesions
Present with spotting
Can remove at hysteroscopy
Menorrhagia
Heavy periods >80ml blood loss
Causes:
50% dub, unknown
Fibroids, endometriosis, polps various things
Treament: Coil COCP Depo Endometrial ablation Hysterectomy Mefanamic and transamic drugs
Fibroids (Leiomyomas)
Common benign tumours
Arise from myometrium (uterine muscle wall)
Present heavy painful periods, pelvic pain or distension
Treatment depends on symptoms and wishes for pregnancy
Endometriosis and Pelvic inflammatory disease
Caused by infections, usually sexual transmitted
Abnormal discharge, pain or bleeding
Can be asymptomatic
Major cause of infertility
Endometriosis
tissue in wrong location
benign condition
Treatment of Endometriosis
COCP
Mirena coil
Zoladex
Surgery
Endometrial Cancer
Cancer of the lining of the uterus
Presents as post menopausal bleeding
Risk factors of endometrial cancer
Nulliparity - no children high bmi hrt late menopause oesrogen exposure
usually diagnosed on biopsy - pipelle or hysteroscopy
treatment total hysterectomy
Follicular cysts
Benign, very common
less than 6cm
asymptomatic
Polycystic ovarian syndrome
Multiple cysts in the ovary
Common cause of infertility
Treatment
COCP
Metformin
Clomifene
Complications
Increased CV risk
Increased risk of T2DM
Increased problems in pregnancy
Ovarian cyst
Can be benign or malignant
If cyst is large, needs to be removed
Teratoma - dermoid cyst
hair teeth bone thyroid GI tract skin
Ovarian cancer
presents late already spread
asymptomatic
Pregnancy related diseases
Miscarriage
Miscarriage
Los before 224 weeks
15% of pregnancies
Usually first trimester
Risk factors
increasing age, multiple pregnancies, smoking, alcohol, connective tissue disorders in mothers, diabetes
Presented with bleeding
Treatment
Conservative - nature
Misoprostol - induce false birth
Surgical usually by vacuum suction under GA
Ectopic Pregnancy
Pregnancy that occurs somewhere else, usually in tubes
Abdominal pelvic pain
Emergency is rupture
Risk Factors PID Coil IVF Previous ectopic Pelvic surgery
