Heart and blood vessels Flashcards
(20 cards)
Atheroma is a
build up of fatty material on the inside wall of an artery
Atheroma can turn into
Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis is
the progressive narrowing and hardening within an artery, could result in complete blockage
Development of atheroma
initiated by chronic injury to the endothelium resulting in chronic inflammation
Causes of atheroma
Hyperlipidaemia, high fat
Disturbed flow
Smoking
Hypertension
Where can atheroma occur?
In any artery
Atheroma in coronary artery
heart attack
angina
ischaemic heart disease
Atheroma in Aorta
aneurysm due to weakening of the wall
Atheroma in carotid
narrowing causing strokes
Plaque rupture
risk of bleeding
haemorrhage
Aetiology is an
imbalance between supply and demand of the heart for oxygenated blood
Case study
male, history of hypertension, sudden onset of dysphasia, left arm and leg weakness
had similar episode 2 weeks ago but only lasted 1 minute
dysphasia = abnormal speech
cerebral infarction (stoke)
had mini stroke TIA 2 weeks ago symptoms recover in 24 hrs
Case study
male, ex smoker, serve pain in legs when walking, has number of infected ulcers in his feet and lower legs requiring antibiotics
Peripheral Vascular Disease
next stage = removal of legs
Case study
male, type 2 diabetes, 30 min crushing feeling in chest
Myocardial infarct
Other presentations of atheroma
Bowel ischaemia.. blood supply to bowl has been blocked, dead part of bowel can be removed
Renal artery stenosis
Emboli
Treatment for atheroma
Revascularisation
Secondary prevention
Cause of ischemic heart disease
decrease of flow of oxygenated blood
increase of demand for oxygen
90% are caused by atherosclerotic obstruction of coronary arteries, coronary artery disease
Risk factors of ischemic heart disease
Family history
Ages
Male sex
Genetic factors
Hyperlipidaemia Smoking Hypertension Diabetes Lack of exercise Obesity Alcohol
Signs and symptoms of ischemic heart disease
Chest pain, central, crushing, radiating to left arm into jaw Shortness of breath Palpitations Syncope, fainting Nauseous, sweeting pale
Clinical presentation
Stable angina, unstable angina, NSTEMI, STEMI total blockage, sudden death
