Upper GI Flashcards
(32 cards)
What is chronic gastritis?
Inflammation of the stomach mucosa
can provide an environment in which dysplasia and carcinoma can arise
The stomachs lining has to keep intact as
do not want acid to come from bowl
Chronic gastritis can provide an environment in which
dysplasia and carcinoma can arise
Symptoms of chronic gastritis
- upper abdominal pain
- indigestion or bloating
- nausea or vomiting
- belching
- loss of appetite or weight loss
can be asymptomatic
Causes of chronic gastritis
Autoimmune - effect body of stomach
Bacteria - H pylori is important in bowel
Chemical - alcohol
Helicobacter pylori effects
the eye
hides inside the bowel away from the acid
Gram-negative bacterium found in the stomach, particularly antrum
Infects over half the worlds pop by ages 5
Hides in bowel
Infection probably acquired via faecal-oral route
H.pylori
common cause of chronic gastritis
H. pylori
What is h.pylori
Gram-negative bacterium found in the stomach, particularly antrum
80% asymptomatic 5-15% peptic ulcer disease 10% non-ulcer dyspepsia 1-% gastric adenocarcinomas 0.5% gastric maltoma
clinical presentation of h.pylori
Peptic ulcer disease
- serious
- damage to mucosa in bowel
- can develop when blood vol is low
- stress ulcer
- mobility reduce
Symptoms of peptic ulcer
pain
worse at night
worse after meals
after you have ate and you get pain straight away this is a
gastric ulcer
after you have ate and you get pain 2-3 hours later this is a
ulcer in duodenum
Complications of peptic ulcers
- bleeding leading to iron deficiency anaemia
- massive hematemesis
- perforation leading to peritonitis
- long term cancer
What is peptic ulcer disease
occurs in DI or antrum
common causes H.pylori
What is barrett’s oesophagus?
- columnar epithelium with goblet cells replace normal lining of oesophagus stratified squamous epithelium
- adaption o chronic acid exposure from reflux
- process of dysplasia : low grade to high grade to invasive carcinoma
What are the types of Upper GI malignancy?
Oesophagus
Stomach
Small bowl
Oesophagus upper GI malignancy
1) squamous carcinoma
2) adenocarcinoma (Barrett’s)
Stomach upper GI malignancy
1) adenocarcinoma
2) GI stromal tumours
Small bowel upper GI malignancy
1) lymphoma
2) GI stromal tumours
3) neuroendocrine tumours
What is oesophageal carcinoma?
squamous cell carcinoma
adults of 45, male
5 year survival of 9%
Risk factors of oesophageal carcinoma?
alcohol, tobacco, injury, achalasia
Late symptoms of oesophageal carcinoma are?
dysphagia, weight loss
