Cog & Bio Movement

Question 1

What does motor control join together?

Answer 1

Mental life and behaviour

Question 2

What does purposeful movement help?

Answer 2

Helps initiate or sustain perception-action cycles rather than just being a response to input

Question 3

How is the sensorimotor system hierarchical?

Answer 3

The cortex at the top, leading to the brain stem and through the spinal cord

Question 4

What does the brain control?

Answer 4

The muscle movements so you can’t reach and grab things everyday

Question 6

What is another principle of the sensory motor function?

Answer 6

Motor output in usually guided by sensory input

Question 7

Sensory feedback …

Answer 7

Sensory feedback plays an important role in directing the continuation of the responses that produced it

As you move you receive a lot of simulation in your brain - this allows u to correct your movement

Question 8

What feeds info back to the brain? - sensory motor circuits

Answer 8

The eyes, the receptors in your skin, muscles and joints monitor the body’s responses, and feed their info back into sensorimotor circuits

Question 9

What is it called when the brain wants your arm etc to move

Answer 9

It sends a motor command and then it gets sensory feedback

Question 10

Many adjutants in motor outputs in response to sensory feedback …

Answer 10

Are controlled unconsciously - without the involvement of higher levels

Question 11

Initial stage of learning :

Answer 11

Each individual response is performed under conscious control

Question 12

What happens after practice?

Answer 12

The action turns into continuous integrated sequences of action that flow smoothly and are adjusted by feedback without conscious regulation

Question 13

What are the levels of sensorimotor system function?

Answer 13

Association cortex
⬇️
Secondary motor cortex
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Primary motor cortex
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Brain stem motor nuclei
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Spinal motor circuits

Question 14

What are descending motor circuits

Answer 14

Brain down to the spinal cord

Question 15

What are feedback circuits

Answer 15

Sends sensory info back - brain decides if it needs to adjust

Question 16

What does the central sulcus divide?

Answer 16

The primary somatosensory cortex (in the post-central gyrus) and the primary motor cortex (in the pre-central gyrus)

Question 17

What is the somatosensory cortex to do with?

Answer 17

Touch

Question 18

What is the motor cortex to do with?

Answer 18

Motor control, sending signals down to spinal cord

Question 19

At the top of the sensorimotor hierarchy includes :

Answer 19

• posterior parietal association cortex
• dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

Question 20

What are the 2 reaching & grasping systems?

Answer 20

Dorsomedial reaching system
Dorsolateral grasping system

Question 21

Dodsomodedial towers what part is the brain?

Answer 21

Middle

Question 22

What part of the brain does the dorsolateral grasping system tower?

Answer 22

Side of the brain

Question 23

What route does reaching take

Answer 23

Reaching
Visual info sent to spock, that’s superior perital occipital cortex, visual info in then interpreted & transformed into body coordinates, and this is sent to prefrontal cortex then to the motor cortex then down the brain stem

Question 24

Posterior parietal association cortex :

Answer 24

• integration of spatial info and directing attention

Question 25

Where is posterior parietal cortex located?

Answer 25

Top back of the head, just above occipital lobe

Question 26

What does the posterior parietal cortex receive info from?

Answer 26

Visual cortex Auditory cortex Somatosensory cortex It processes this info to say the target js over here and sends this to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, frontal eye fields, somatosensory cortex

Question 27

What is neglect? - right posterior parietal lesions

Answer 27

A lack of awareness of the side of space opposite to the side of the brain lesion

Question 28

Right hemisphere stroke patients behave …

Answer 28

As if the left side of the world ceased to exist

Question 29

Where is the lesions centered? - right posterior parietal lesions

Answer 29

In inferior parietal lobe and superior temporal gyrus

Question 30

If you have left posterior parietal lesions you will have ideomotor apraxia - what is this

Answer 30

An inability to imitate or produce gesture to verbal command despite normal strength and sensation in the limb

Question 31

What is Left posterior parietal cortex lesions strongly associated with and typically include?

Answer 31

Strongly associated with left inferior parietal lobe damage and typically includes a clear abnormality when attempting to demonstrate tool-use by pantomime, and a milder impairment with the tool actually in the hand

Question 32

What is the dorsolateral prefrontal association cortex involved with?

Answer 32

Goal-based action selection / initiated

Question 33

Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex input?

Answer 33

Posterior parietal cortex

Question 34

Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex output?

Answer 34

Secondary motor cortex, primary motor cortex & frontal eye fields

Question 35

What 2 areas does the secondary motor cortex involve?

Answer 35

Supplementary motor area and predator cortex

Question 36

Supplementary motor area and premotor cortex input?

Answer 36

Association cortex (PPC, DLPFC)

Question 37

Supplementary motor area and premotor cortex output?

Answer 37

Primary motor cortex

Question 38

What are mirror neurons?

Answer 38

A particular class of visuomotor neurons discovered by the group of rizzolatti in a sector of the central premotor cortex of monkeys, called area F5

Question 39

When did mirror neurons become active?

Answer 39

When the monkey grasped the raisin When the monkey sees another individual grasp a raisin

Question 40

Mirror neurons are also important in discriminating others actions or your own :

Answer 40

An F5 mirror neuron fired: When observed an hand moving to grasp an object, but not when the hand moved with no object as its goal To goal-directed action to an object behind an opaque screen, although the animal could not see the acts completion, but not when no object was behind the screen

Question 41

Mirror neurons can help you discern the intention of other people’s actions

Answer 41

Responses of neurons found to be higher to action to eat