Concepts Related with Diseases

Question 1

define disease

Answer 1

state in which normal functions are disturbed or altered at cellular, tissue, organ, or organism level. *homeostatic mechanisms are upset, leading to malfunction

Question 2

define pathology

Answer 2

science of causes and effects of diseases,especially the branch of medicine dealing with laboratory examination of samples of body tissue for diagnosis or forensic purposes

Question 3

anatomic pathology

Answer 3

cellular level

Question 4

clinical pathology

Answer 4

organism level

Question 5

infectious disease

Answer 5

caused by organisms (bacteria, virus, fungi, parasite), other diseases caused by metabolic, genetic, toxins, nutritional factors

Question 6

contagious disease

Answer 6

transmitted from one individual to another

Question 7

zoonotic disease

Answer 7

transmittable from animals to humans

Question 8

congenital disease

Answer 8

structural or functional anomalies that occur during intrauterine life (also called birth defects, congenital disease)

Question 9

injury

Answer 9

also called trauma, damage to body caused by external forces

Question 10

lesion

Answer 10

changes in tissue or organ damage caused by injury or disease

Question 11

symptom

Answer 11

physical or mental sign of a disease, deviation from normal

Question 12

acute disease

Answer 12

appears suddenly with short duration

Question 13

chronic disease

Answer 13

prolonged in time, could worsen over time

Question 14

subclinical disease

Answer 14

disease is under the limits of clinical detection through symptoms, includes milk symptoms (ex. mastitis)

Question 15

carrier/asymptomatic

Answer 15

individual that shows no sign symptoms of a disease, carrier is infected by infectious agent, shows no symptomsm and spreads the agent

Question 16

localized disease

Answer 16

limited to a body region or organ

Question 17

systemic disease

Answer 17

disease that affects multiple organs or whole organism

Question 18

pathogen/agent

Answer 18

microorganism that causes disease

Question 19

vector

Answer 19

any living agent that carries and transmits an infectious pathogen to another living organism

Question 20

fomite/vehicle

Answer 20

object or amterial likely to carrt an infection (clothes, utensils, furniture)

Question 21

pathogenicity

Answer 21

the ability of an organism to produce disease

Question 22

virulence

Answer 22

degree of disease produced by an infectious organism

Question 23

opportunistic agent

Answer 23

infectious microorganism that it normally commensal or does not harm but can cause disease when host resistance is low

Question 24

how do you avoid opportunistic agents?

Answer 24

combine probiotics when treating with antibiotics

Question 25

diagnosis

Answer 25

process of determining the disease affecting an animal

Question 26

prognosis

Answer 26

prediction of disease development

Question 27

pathogenesis

Answer 27

process of disease development, including factors that promote it (ex. hypothyroidism in dogs caused by an underlying brain tumor on pituitary gland)

Question 28

etiology

Answer 28

reason or agent that initiates a disease

Question 29

mortality

Answer 29

rate of death in a specific population due to a disease

Question 30

morbidity

Answer 30

state of being symptomatic or unhealthy, rate of disease in a population

Question 31

prevalence/incidence

Answer 31

precentage of individuals in a population with a disease

Question 32

endemic

Answer 32

diseases present in consistent low ratio over time, limited to a region

Question 33

epidemic

Answer 33

unexpected increase in number of disease cases in a specific geographical area

Question 34

pandemic

Answer 34

disease with exponential growth that spreads over multiple populations or countries,even globally

Question 35

outbreak

Answer 35

sudden increase in occurances of a disease when cases are in excess of normal expectancy for location or season

Question 36

risk factor

Answer 36

variables associated with increase of probability of disease