Surveillance and Response by Marta Remmenga Flashcards
what is a hazard
biological, physical, chemical, or psychological sources or situations that cause harm
what is the focus of APHIS?
biological hazards, specifically pathogens, pests,toxins, and situations that affect animal health
what are 7 management goals of APHIS?
- delimitation
- controlling spread
- eradication
- maintaining a stable health status
- safety, cleaning, and disinfecting
- biosecurity
- hazard freedom declaration for trade
describe a hazard freedom declaration for trade
APHIS making a formal declaration that a herd no longer has a disease for international trade, is an interdepartmental process that occurs annually for some diseases
what are the 5 unique roles of veterinary services in APHIS?
- science based solutions to address critical national animla health challenges like energing diseases and one health issues
- support trade of animals and products
- address current animal health concerns while minimizing negative impacts to industry
- partner with producers and vets to enhance capacity to protect and improve animal health
- support state and industry led efforts to manage endemic diseases
give 4 vet services hazard management goals for endemic diseases
- case finding
2 reducing impact to producer - controlling spread
- eradication
what are 3 vet services hazard management goals for outbreaks of foreign animal diseases
- delimitation of the outbreak
- rapid control of spread and eradication
- regaining status of freedom for international trade
what are the 5 aspects of surveillance design? describe
- scope: define population
- target: select subjects
- timing: when to sample
- tools: instrument of process for taking measurements
- volume and frequency: total sample size, number of sampling events. number of samples per event, and frequency of sampling events
what are the 4 goals of the national bovine eradication program?
- detect cases of bTB in US dairy and beef cattle
- stop spread of bTB to cattle and reservoir species
- determine where cases may have originated from to further control disease spread
- minimize impact of disease and eradication program on producers
what are the 2 aspects of the supporting case findings object of the bTB surveillance program?
- wide-spread: nationwide and all year round surveillance of national herd through slaughter surveillance and targeting granulomas
- focused: on pathways of spread through tracing and the diagnostic testing of traced herds
what are the 3 aspects of the supporting remoal of virus while reducing impact to producers objectuve of the bTB surveillance program? what is this strategy called?
test and remove strategy:
- whole herd testing
- repeated until reach 95% confidence that herd is free from bTB
- combination of diagnostic tests to increase sensitivity while reducing chance of removing uninfected animals
what was the primary management goal of the APHIS resonse to the outbreak of Virulent Newcastle disease?
eradication and return to disease freedom
give 5 activities that were part of the response to the outbreak of virulent Newcastle disease
- quarantine and movement restrictions
- active surveillance
- diagnostics
- depopulation
- emergency vaccination in some cases
describe the delimitation response to the virulent newcastle disease outbreak
determine extent of outbreak by testing a sample of dead and sick birds at at least 300 premises per week until no more cases found
describe the eradication response to the virulent newcastle outbreak
finding the last few rare cases, focused sampling on high risk areas, following each detecting with epidemiological investigations and tracing
