Immune Passive Transfer

Question 1

describe passive immune transfer

Answer 1

animal doesn’t have to do any work, just receives antibodies/immunoglobulins

Question 2

through what is passive immune transfer accomplihsed?

Answer 2

placenta and mammary glands

Question 3

who don’t humans, dogs, or cats, require colostrum to accomplosh immune passive tranfer?

Answer 3

the placenta in those animals accomplishes the transfer

Question 4

what are the 4 types of placentation? give the animals that have it

Answer 4

1. zonary: cats and dogs
2. cotyledonary: ruminants
3. diffuse: horses and pigs
4. discoid: humans and rodents

Question 5

what are the 4 types of placenta in terms of layers? describe

Answer 5

1. hemochorial: close contact between fetal and maternal blood, only 3 layers in between
2. endothelialchorial: in carnivores and dogs, only 4 layers in between fetal and maternal blood
3. synepitheliochorial: ruminants have, connective tissue adds more layers in between fetal and maternal blood
4. epitheliochorial: also more layers in between

Question 6

which two types of placenta layers allow immunoglobulins to diffuse all the way from mom to fetus, producing mature, ready-to-go lymphocytes for babies that don’t require colostrum?

Answer 6

hemochorial and endotheliochorial

Question 7

which two types of placenta layers have too many lyaers in between to allow immunoglobulins to diffuse from mom to fetus, producing immature lymphocytes with no antibodies or adaptive antibodies for offspring that require colostrum?

Answer 7

synepitheliochorial and epitheliochorial

Question 8

how does protein trend between colostrum and milk

Answer 8

much higher in colostrum than in milk

Question 9

how does lactose trend between colostrum and milk?

Answer 9

much lower in colostrum than in milk

Question 10

what is transitional milk?

Answer 10

post-colostrum, pre-whole milk, developing lol

Question 11

why does fat composition increase from colostrum to milk in sows?

Answer 11

lactogenesis, like in humans

Question 12

what are the 3 most common immunoglobulins in colostrum? (give in order of most present to less but still common)

Answer 12

1. IgG
2. IgA
3. IgM

Question 13

when is the best colostrum collected?

Answer 13

right after parturition (1st milking, remember the levels from lab)

Question 14

when you freeze colostrum, what happens to immungolobulin levels?

Answer 14

decrease very slowly, good storage method

Question 15

what are the 2 methods for colostrum evaluation?

Answer 15

1. Brix %: the percentage of sugar dissolved, has a positive correlation with Ig levels
2. specific gravity: density, more = more good stuff in there?

Question 16

what Brix % is needed to feed colostrum to dairy calves?

Answer 16

greater than or equal to 22%, discard if below 18%

Question 17

what Brix % is needed to feed colostrum to beef calves?

Answer 17

24-30%

Question 18

how much colostrum with what concentration of IgG do calves need to establish enough of an immune system to make it to where their adaptive immune system kicks in

Answer 18

need at least 4 quarts of clean colostrum with at least 50mg/mL of IgG

Question 19

why do piglets need to drink a LOT of colostrum to survive?

Answer 19

more colostrum = more growth and faster to market size

Question 20

what are the 2 methods used to measure immune transfer from serum of calves?

Answer 20

1. refractometry

2. serum protein