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Microanatomy > Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Connective Tissue Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

Types of Connective Tissue

A

Connective Tissue Proper
Cartilage
Bone
Blood
Bone Marrow

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2
Q

Components of Connective Tissues

A

Cells
Fibers
Ground Substance

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3
Q

Matrix

A

Fibers + Ground Substance

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4
Q

Ground Substance (characteristics)

A

GAG (glycosaminoglyans)
Hydrated semisolid gel
Fills space + has proteins!
High viscosity (slow foreign particles)

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5
Q

Glycosaminoglycans (GAG)

A

Repeating disaccharides (sugars) that are key component in connective tissue ground substance

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6
Q

Proteoglycans (+types)

A

Proteins sulfated w/ glycosaminoglycans
-Hyaluronic Acid
-Chondroitin-4-sulfate & Chondroitin-6-sulfate
-Dermatan sulfate
-Keratan sulfate
-Heparan sulfate

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7
Q

Hyaluronic Acid

A

Most abundant GAG
Function: lubrication
Location: umbilical cord | synovial fluid | vitreous humor | cartilage

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8
Q

Chondroitin-4-sulfate & 6-sulfate (location)

A

Cartilage | bone | skin

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9
Q

Dermatan sulfate (location)

A

Skin | tendons | sclera | lungs

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10
Q

Keratan sulfate (location)

A

Cartilage | bone | cornea

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11
Q

Heparan sulfate (location)

A

Aorta | liver | lung | basal lamina

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12
Q

Cell Types in Connective Tissue Proper

A

Fixed Cells (FRAPMF)
no change in site
Wandering Cells (FPMEL)
change site, attracted where needed

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13
Q

Mesenchymal Cells

A

Structure: Processes | No fibers | Large, oval nuclei | irregular shape | few organelles
Function: give rise to other cell types

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14
Q

Fibroblasts / Fibrocytes

A

More specialized than mesenchymal
Most common cell in Loose CT
Function: wound repair | blast=create matrix

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15
Q

Reticular Cells

A

Structure: create “network” (spiderweb)
Function: secrete reticular fibers

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16
Q

Adipocyte

A

Function: Lipid-storing cell
Location: All Loose CT | predominant in adipose tissue

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17
Q

Pericytes

A

Structure: Change to smooth muscle or adipocytes (based on need)
Function: Endothelial cell support

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18
Q

Fixed Macrophages

A

Migrate, then stational (Blood–>CT)
Liver –> Kupfer cell
Nervous –> Microglia
Lung –> Alveolar Macrophages

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19
Q

Free Macrophages

A

“Wandering” cells
Structure: large | round | “foamy” cytoplasm | basophilic
Function: phagocytosis | repair (accumulate @ injury, ingest debris)

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20
Q

Plasma Cells

A

Structure: oval | basophilic
Function: secrete antibodies
Location: lymph nodes | GI | respiratory | female repro

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21
Q

Mast Cells

A

Structure: filled w/ granules (histamine | heparin | ECF-A release)
Function: secrete vasoactive compound | inflammatory/allergy response
Location: Loose CT of skin/intestine | around vessels

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22
Q

Eosinophils

A

Type of WBC
Function: immune reaction | phagocytosis of antigen-antibody complex | kill parasites by granule release

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23
Q

Lymphocytes

A

Type of WBC
Function: create antibody-producing cells

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24
Q

Fiber Types

Study These Flashcards
A

Collagen Fibers
Elastic Fibers
Reticular Fibers

25
Collagen Type I Fiber
Structure: very strong | most abundant type | acidophilic | formed from protein "collagen" | striation (spaces) Location: tendons | ligaments | organ capsules
26
Collagen Type I Fiber Synthesis (process)
1. Fibroblasts form procollagen (soluble) into triple helix 2. Transport out of cell | Cleave nonhelical ends = tropocollagen (insoluble) 3. Tropocollagens aggregate = collagen fibrils --> fibers 4. Collagen cross-links = striation
27
Collagen Type II Fiber (location)
Cartilage
28
Collagen Type III (location)
Arteries | GI | lymph lamina | reticular lamina of BM
29
Collagen Type IV (location)
Basal lamina of BM
30
Collagen Type VII (location)
Connect basal lamina to reticular lamina of BM
31
Basement Membrane parts
BM = basal lamina + reticular lamina
32
Basal lamina (derived from...)
Epithelium
33
Reticular lamina (derived from...)
Connective Tissue
34
Collagen Defect Disorders
Human: Osteogenesis imperfecta | Ehlers-Danlos Type 4,6,7 | Scurvy Vet: Cutaneous Asthenia | Ehlers-Danlos analog | HERDA (Hereditary Equine Regional Dermal Asthenia)
35
Elastic Fibers
S: Retain shape after stretch | thinner than collagen | made of collagen type I fibrils | rubber-like Components: elastin (protein) | microfibrils | collagen type I fibrils (surrounding) Location: artery wall | respiratory | vocal cords | stretch ligaments | skin | gut
36
Elastic Fiber Synthesis
1. Fibroblasts secrete elastin + microfibrils 2. Elastin + microfibrils = Tropoelastin 3. Collagen fibers form around tropoelastin for binding
37
Reticular Fibers
S: very thin | flexible | good w/ silver stain | Argyrophilic | PAS (extra carb content) | Collagen Type III fibrils Location: lymphatic | spleen | stretching organs
38
Reticular Fibers Synthesis
Collagen Type III forms fibrils (thinner than Type I)
39
Mesenchyme
Embryonic CT (of CT Proper) S: Mesenchymal cells | NO visible fibers | mainly ground substance F: give rise to other CT (adult CT | blood/vessels)
40
Mucous Connective Tissue (gelatinous)
S: distinct fibers | loose framework | fibroblasts + collagen | undefined shape F: prevents kinking Location: umbilical cord | ruminant stomach
41
Loose (Areolar) Connective Tissue
Adult CT (CT Proper) Most common CT in adults S: many cells | all fiber types F: controls spread of infection + supportive function
42
Reticular Connective Tissue
Type of Loose CT (CT Proper) S: reticular fibers | loose CT | not densely filled | network (web) L: lymphatic | bone marrow
43
White Adipose Tissue
Type of Adult CT (of CT Proper) S: many adipocytes | highly vascular | unilocular F: lipid metabolism/storage | protection | heat insulation
44
Brown Adipose Tissue
Type of Adult CT (of CT Proper) S: many adipocytes | highly vascular | multilocular | "foamy" cyto | central nucleus | brown (mitochondria) F: heat production (via lipid oxidation) L: hibernating animals | axilla | shoulder girdle
45
Dense Regular Collagenous Connective Tissue
S: tensile strength | many fibers | parallel fibers | dense | Collagen Type I L: tendons | ligaments | joint capsule
46
Dense Irregular Collagenous Connective Tissue
Type of Adult CT (of CT Proper) S: tensile strength | many fibers | irregular fibers L: dermis | sclera | organ capsules (kidney) | joint capsules
47
Elastic Connective Tissue
Type of Dense CT (of Adult CT & CT Proper) S: many fibers | regular fibers | coarse fibers + loose CT between L: nuchal ligament | ligamenta flava (neck/vert) | grazing animals (for head down w/o work)
48
Cartilage Characteristics
Supportive | low friction | weight-supporting Derived from mesenchyme / mesoderm
49
Cartilage Elements
Chondrocytes / Chondroblasts Matrix (interstitium)
50
Chondrocytes / Chondroblasts
Cartilage cells Chondrocyte = blast enclosed in lacuna F: secrete matrix | produce collagen fibrils & ground substance
51
Matrix (Interstitium)
Fibers in firm ground substance S: Avascular F: Importance in diffusion
52
Types of Cartilage
Hyaline cartilage Elastic cartilage Fibrocartilage
53
Hyaline Cartilage
Location: synovial joint | respiratory | epiphyseal plate | embryonic skeleton | repair of fractured bone Structure: Uniform | basophilic | hyaluronic acid chains | lacuna + chondrocytes
54
Histogenesis of Hyaline Cartilage
Mesenchyme --> chondroblast Chondroblast secrete: ground substance + collagen type II fibrils Secrete matrix --> lacunae (compartments)
55
Territorial vs Interterritorial Matrix
Regions of matrix in Hyaline Cartilage Territorial: nearest lacuna | pericellular | basophilic (since newer) Interterritorial: further from lacuna | more collagen fibrils ("older")
56
Interstitial vs Appositional Growth
Interstitial: slow/continuous cartilage growth from within increase in length Appositional: faster growth | require perichondrium (fibrous CT around cartilage) | adds outer layers | increase thickness
57
Elastic Cartilage
=Hyaline cartilage + Elastic fibers S: More flexible than hyaline | collagen type II fibrils | ground substance Location: ear pinna | auditory tube
58
Fibrocartilage
S: mixed unit | no perichondrium-->scar tissue | collagen type I fibers | fibrocytes in lacunae Location: ligament/tendon --> bone | cardiac skeleton (dog) | menisci

Microanatomy (21 decks)

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