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Microanatomy > Exam 3: Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Exam 3: Cardiovascular System Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the function of veins?

A

collect blood from microvasculature and bring to heart

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2
Q

What are the 3 tunics of all vessels?

A

Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica adventitia

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3
Q

Parts of Tunica Intima

A

Endothelium
Subendothelial Layer
Internal Elastic Membrane/Lamina

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4
Q

What orientation is the Tunica Intima seen in?

A

longitudinal orientation

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5
Q

What makes up the subendothelial layer of the tunica intima?

A

Fine collagen fibers + elastic (sometimes)

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6
Q

What is characteristic about the internal elastic lamina of the tunica intima?

A

thick, elastic present
“sheet” NOT fiber
holes for diffusion

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7
Q

What orientation is the Tunica Media?

A

Circular orientation

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8
Q

What are the two components of Tunica Media?

A

Smooth muscle
Connective tissue

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9
Q

What is the function of the Tunica Media?

A

constricting to facilitate blood flow

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10
Q

What orientation is the Tunica Adventitia?

A

longitudinal orientation

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11
Q

What two structures are seen in the Tunica Adventitia?

A

Vasa vasorum
Nervi vasorum

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12
Q

What makes up the Tunica Advenitita?

A

collagen and/or elastic fibers

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13
Q

Vasa vasorum

A

little vessels that branch and go into adventitia & media
ONLY sympathetic innvervation

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14
Q

Nervi vasorum

A

nerves within vasa vasorum
seen in larger vessels

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15
Q

What are examples of Elastic Aa?

A

Aorta
Brachiocephalic Trunk

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16
Q

What layer is the thickest in Elastic Aa and what makes it characteristic?

A

Tunica media
alternating smooth muscle & elastic layers

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17
Q

What part of the Tunica Intima is thick in Elastic Aa?

A

subendothelial layer

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18
Q

What part of the Tunica Intima is thin in the Elastic Aa?

A

Internal Elastic Lamina

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19
Q

What structures are easiest to see in the Elastic Aa?

A

Vasa vasorum & Nervi vasorum

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20
Q

What are examples of Muscular Aa?

A

renal A
brachial A
femoral Aa

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21
Q

What part of the Tunica Intima is thick in Muscular Aa?

A

Internal Elastic Lamina

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22
Q

Muscular Aa have the thickest of the all the vessels in which layer?

A

Tunica Media

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23
Q

What is characteristic of the Tunica Media of Muscular Aa?

A

smooth muscle dominates
less elastic lamina

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24
Q

What is different about the Tunica Adventitia in Muscular vs. Elastic Aa?

A

More elastic fibers in MUSCULAR than ELASTIC Aa

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25
What tunic is seen in arterioles and what is it characterized by?
Tunica Media 1-3 layers of smooth muscle
26
Meta-arteriole
arterioles right before capillaries
27
What tunic and what is it characterized by in Meta-arterioles?
Tunica Media incomplete smooth muscle layer
28
Arteriovenous Anastomoses
direct connection from arteriole to venule (bypasses capillary bed when open)
29
Where are arteriovenous anastomoses located?
Skin & Intestines bypassed in fight or flight
30
Capillary Tunics Characterization
ONLY endothelium layer NO smooth muscle NO adventitia
31
Pericytes
supportive, undifferentiated mesenchymal cells that change based on need
32
Where are pericytes located?
endothelial cell basal lamina
33
List Capillary Types
Continuous Fenestrated Porous Sinusoid
34
Continuous Capillaries
NOT leaky, tight junctions
35
Location of Continuous Capillaries
muscle & nervous tissue muscle- some exchange nervous- NO exchange
36
Fenestrated Capillaries
Leaky | continuous basement membrane Have fenestra Selective exchange
37
Fenestra
openings by thin lipid monolayer in capillaries
38
Porous Capillaries
big openings | thick basement membrane
39
Porous Capillary Function
high pressure for filtration
40
Location of Porous Capillaries
Kidney
41
Sinusoid Capillaries
VERY leaky | endothelial cell gaps
42
Sinusoid Capillary Location
Liver Bone Marrow Endocrine System
43
Venules
right after capillaries similar structure
44
What is unique about venules structure?
ONLY endothelium layer Pericytes present
45
Which tunic is characteristic in Muscular Venules?
Tunica media Develop layer of smooth muscle
46
Tunica Intima of Muscular Veins
have valves (folds of intima) Dilation after valve from pressure
47
Function of Valves in Veins
unidirectional flow prevent backflow
48
Tunica Media of Muscular Veins
3-4 layers smooth muscle small CT layer
49
Tunica Adventitia of Muscular Veins
blend with surrounding CT
50
What are examples of large veins?
cranial & caudal vena cava
51
What is unique about the Tunica Intima in Large Veins?
Thin internal elastic lamina
52
What is unique about the Tunica Media of Large Veins?
VERY thin discontinuous smooth muscle layer collagen fibers
53
What is unique about the Tunica Adventitia of Large Veins?
thick bundles of smooth muscle Function: "stiffen" vessel
54
What orientation are the smooth muscle bundles in the Tunica Adventitia of Large Veins?
longitudinal
55
Carotid Sinus
baroreceptors cells in wall in beginning of internal carotid A
56
What is the function of the Carotid Sinus?
sense pressure & release chemicals to influence blood pressure
57
Carotid Body
group of chemoreceptors outside vessel
58
What is the function of the carotid body?
regulate blood volume
59
What are the 3 tunics of the heart?
Endocardium Myocardium Epicardium
60
What are the layers of the Endocardium of the Heart?
Endothelium Subendothelial Layer Subendocardial Layer
61
What makes up the subendothelial layer of the endocardium?
Collagen + elastic fibers
62
Where are Purkinje Fibers located?
Subendocardial Layer of Endocardium
63
What is the function of Purkinje Fibers?
Conduct heart impulse
64
Which part of the tunica intima of vessels is not located in the endocardium?
Internal Elastic Lamina
65
Cardiac Valves
specialized folds of endocardium covered by endothelium middle = thickening of subendothelial layer
66
What two structures are not located in cardiac valves?
Purkinje cells Subendocardial layer
67
Where do atrial myocytes secrete ANP?
Myocardium
68
What orientation is cardiac muscle in the myocardium?
Spirally oriented
69
What secretes ANP?
atrial myocytes in the myocardium
70
What is ANP's function?
influence sodium absorption in the kidney
71
A thick layer of ____ covers the heart (in epicardium)
Collagen
72
What is the collagen in the epicardium continuous with?
the tunica adventitia of vessels coming in and out
73
Fibrous pericardium
thickening of adventitia in epicardium
74
What are the two layers of the epicardium?
Visceral Layer of Serous Pericardium Serous Membrane
75
Which layer of the epicardium is within the fibrous pericardium?
Visceral Layer of Serous Pericardium
76
Which layer of the epicardium is directly applied to the heart?
Serous Membrane
77
What are the 3 structures apart of the impulse conducting system of the heart?
Sinoatrial Node Atrioventricular Node Bundle of His (atrioventricular bundle)
78
What is the order of impulse conduction in the heart?
SA node --> AV node --> Bundle of His
79
Which part of the impulse conducting system of the heart has purkinje cells?
Bundle of His (atrioventricular bundle)
80
What is the cardiac skeleton?
connective tissue of the heart
81
Annuli Fibrosi
"Fibrous ring" in the heart
82
What is the function of the Annuli Fibrosi?
to give heart valves rigidity
83
Trigona Fibrosa
cartilage or bone (ruminants) in CT around valves of heart
84
What is the function of the Trigona Fibrosa in the heart?
Support valves

Microanatomy (21 decks)

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