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Microanatomy > Exam 4: Ear > Flashcards

Exam 4: Ear Flashcards

(86 cards)

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1
Q

What are the 3 parts of the ear?

A

External ear (outer)
Middle ear
Internal ear (inner)

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2
Q

External ear function

A

conduct sound waves –> middle ear

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3
Q

Auricle

A

pinna - part of external ear we see

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4
Q

External acoustic meatus

A

cone-shaped structure toward skull
aka: ear canal

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5
Q

The external ear has a core of _____ covered by (thin/thick) skin.

A

Elastic cartilage
Thin

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6
Q

What 3 structures are present in the skin of the external ear?

A

hair follicles
sebaceous glands
apocrine sweat glands

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7
Q

What tissue type lines the external acoustic meatus?

A

very thin epidermis
keratinized stratified squamous

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8
Q

What kind of glands are present in the external acoustic meatus?

A

ceruminous glands

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9
Q

What do ceruminous glands secrete?

A

cerumen = main component of earwax

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10
Q

Function of Middle Ear

A

conduct sound wave energy –> internal ear

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11
Q

Tympanic membrane

A

ear drum
outer-most part of middle ear

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12
Q

Which bone attaches directly to the tympanic membrane?

A

malleus

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13
Q

Tympanic cavity

A

space from tympanic membrane –> inner ear

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14
Q

What 3 auditory ossicles are in the tympanic cavity of the middle ear?

A

malleus
incus
stapes

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15
Q

Which auditory ossicle connects to the inner ear? Where exactly does it attach?

A

stapes
attaches to vestibular/oval window

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16
Q

Scala Vestibuli

A

where vestibular window connects in inner ear and creates fluid waves

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17
Q

Cochlear/Round Window

A

membrane that dampens fluid waves in inner ear

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18
Q

The auditory (eustachian) tube connects _____ to _____.

A

Tympanic cavity –> nasopharynx

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19
Q

What is the function of the auditory tube?

A

create even pressure on both sides of tympanic membrane

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20
Q

What layers make up the tympanic membrane?

A

two layers of epithelium (each side) + CT between

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21
Q

What two possible tissue types line the tympanic cavity?

A

simple squamous or simple cuboidal

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22
Q

What is the function of the small skeletal muscles found in the tympanic cavity?

A

dampen sound waves to protect from damage (stiffen movement of ossicles)

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23
Q

What are the two skeletal muscles in the tympanic cavity?

A

Tensor Tympani M
Stapedius M

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24
Q

Where does the Tensor Tympani M attach? Stapedius M?

A

Malleus
Stapes

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25
What tissue type lines the auditory tube?
pseudostratified columnar w/ goblet cells + cilia
26
What two types are cartilage are present within the auditory tube?
hyaline + elastic
27
Guttural Pouch
herniation of mucosa of auditory tube in horse
28
Function of internal ear
convert fluid wave energy --> action potentials
29
The internal ear is connected to the middle ear by _______.
vestibular/oval window
30
Where is the internal ear located in the skull?
petrous part of temporal bone (internal acoustic meatus inside it)
31
3 parts of the bony labyrinth
semicircular canals vestibule cochlea
32
Ampulla
dilation of each semicircular canal where it connects to the rest of the bony labyrinth
33
Vestibule
entryway between the semicircular canals and cochlea
34
Cochlea
snail-shaped innermost part of labyrinth
35
2 parts of the cochlea
modiolus hemlicotrema
36
Modiolus
core of cochlea where cochlear N + ganglion contained
37
Helicotrema
pointed end of cochlea
38
Where is the scala vestibuli located?
vestibular/oval window
39
Where is the scala tympani located?
cochlear/round window
40
The bony labyrinth is filled with (endolymph/perilymph)
perilymph
41
Perilymph is similar to _____ and closer to (intracellular/extracellular) fluid.
CSF extracellular
42
Membranous Labyrinth is inside the ______.
bony labyrinth
43
What tissue lines the membranous labyrinth?
simple squamous epithelium on layer of connective tissue
44
4 parts of the membranous labyrinth
semicircular ducts utricle + saccule cochlear duct
45
Crista ampullaris
sensory area on each ampulla that detect motion and maintain equilibrium
46
What is the flat sensory area on the utricle & saccule called?
macula
47
What is the macula in the utricle called?
macula utriculi
48
What is the macula in the saccule called?
macula saculli
49
What is another name for cochlear duct?
scala media
50
What is the sensory area in the cochlear duct?
spinal organ (organ of Corti)
51
The membranous labyrinth is filled with (endolymph/perilymph).
endolymph
52
Endolymph is more similar to (intracellular/extracellular) fluid.
intracellular
53
Function of endolymph
stimulates sensory receptors in the ear for hearing and maintains equilibrium
54
What is the vestibular apparatus?
all sensory structures in membranous labyrinth
55
Function of vestibular apparatus
detect motion of head and maintain equilibrium
56
Crista ampullaris 2 components
sensory cells (hair cells) + supporting cells
57
What two projections are on each hair cell?
stereocilia + kinocilium
58
There are many smaller (kinocilium/stereocilia) and one larger (kinocilium/stereocilia) on each hair cell.
stereocilia kinocilium
59
Hair cells contact sensory endings of the _______ N which is a branch of the _______ N.
vestibular N vestibulocochlear N
60
Crista ampullaris is responsible for creating action potentials for (rotary/linear) movements.
rotary
61
How do rotary movements create action potentials?
move endolymph --> move cupula --> bend stereocilia toward kinocilium = stimulate hair cell to produce AP in vestibular N
62
What is the gelatinous membrane that suspends the hair cell projections?
cupula
63
The macula is different than the crista because it has a ________ membrane instead of the cupula.
statoconial/otolithic
64
(T/F) The statoconial/otolithic membrane extends the entire length of the utricle/saccule.
False
65
What is present in the statoconial/otolithic membrane that differs from the cupula?
statoconia/otoliths
66
What are otoliths/statoconia?
calcium carbonate "stones" on top of otolithic membrane in macula
67
Striola
midline of macula that kinocilium points toward
68
Action potentials are created in the macula by (rotary/linear) movement.
Linear
69
Explain process of linear movement in macula.
moves endolymph --> moves otoliths --> moves stereocilia toward kinocilium = create APs in vestibular N
70
What two things make up the auditory apparatus?
spiral organ cochlear duct
71
Function of Spiral Organ
convert sound vibrations --> action potentials in cochlear N that as perceived by brain as sound
72
Hair cells in the Spiral Organ ONLY have (stereocilia/kinocilium).
stereocilia
73
What is a type of supporting cell in the Spiral Organ?
phalangeal cells
74
Function of Phalangeal cells in Spiral Organ
thick filaments in cytoplasm anchor hair cells for stiffening/straighening
75
What structure contains the Spiral Organ?
Cochlear duct
76
What are the 4 layers/parts of the Cochlear Duct?
vestibular membrane basilar membrane stria vascularis tectorial membrane
77
The vestibular membrane separates the _______ from ______.
cochlear duct scala vestibuli
78
The scala vestibuli is the space (above/below) the vestibular membrane.
above
79
What occurs in the scala vestibuli?
stapes vibrates on oval window to create fluid waves
80
The basilar membrane separates the _____ from _____.
cochlear duct scala tympani
81
Where does the spiral organ of hearing rest?
basilar membrane
82
What structure lines the cochlear duct/scala media?
stria vascularis
83
What tissue type is the stria vascularis made of? What other structure is seen?
stratified cuboidal epithelium capillaries
84
What does stria vascularis produce?
endolymph
85
The tectorial membrane embeds _____.
stereocilia
86
Explain how sound is perceived.
fluid vibrations in perilymph --> basilar membrane vibrates --> stereocilia contact tectorial membrane --> cochlear N = perceive sound

Microanatomy (21 decks)

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