Exam 2: Blood & Bone Marrow

Question 1

Central Pallor

Answer 1

light central region of RBC (biconcave)

Question 2

Howell-Jolly Bodies

Answer 2

retained chromatin in RBC
small dot

Question 3

Rouleau Formation

Answer 3

stacks of RBC
artifact of prep

Question 4

What species is most common for rouleau formation?

Answer 4

horse blood

Question 5

Anisocytosis

Answer 5

difference in size of RBC

Question 6

What species is most common with anisocytosis?

Answer 6

cattle blood

Question 7

Poikilocytosis

Answer 7

difference in shape of RBC

Question 8

What species is most common for poikilocytosis?

Answer 8

goat blood

Question 9

Crenation

Answer 9

spikes on RBC
artifact of prep

Question 10

What species is most common for crenation in RBC?

Answer 10

cat blood

Question 11

Heinz bodies

Answer 11

denatured hemoglobin in RBC
white dots at periphery

Question 12

What species is most common for Heinz bodies?

Answer 12

normal to see a few in cat blood

Question 13

Leukocyte (+types)

Answer 13

WBC
granulocytes
agranulocytes

Question 14

Specific granules

Answer 14

secondary granules only present in granulocytes

Question 15

Azurophilic granules

Answer 15

primary granules / non-specific
present in all leukocytes

Question 16

Neutrophil

Answer 16

granulocyte | neutral stain
most common leukocyte other than ruminants
F: break down bacteria/debris
granules have lactoferrin

Question 17

Basophil

Answer 17

granulocyte
very few present
F: allergic reaction, heparin/histamine in granules

Question 18

Eosinophil

Answer 18

granulocyte
F: kill parasite / antigen-antibody complex
attracted to histamine (have histaminase to break down)

Question 19

Agranulocyte

Answer 19

leukocyte w/o specific granules, but has azurophilic granules

Question 20

Lymphocyte

Answer 20

agranulocyte
most common WBC in ruminants
function: immune response

Question 21

Monocyte

Answer 21

agranulocyte
form osteoclasts
become macrophages

Question 22

Platelets

Answer 22

from megakaryocyte cytoplasm
function: blood clotting

Question 23

What two avian cells have a nucleus?

Answer 23

RBC & thrombocytes (platelets)

Question 24

Hematopoiesis

Answer 24

formation of all formed elements in blood

Question 25

Erythropoeisis

Answer 25

formation of RBC

Question 26

First distinguishable stable of RBC in formation

Answer 26

Rubriblast

Question 27

Stages of erythropoiesis

Answer 27

Rubriblast Prorubicyte Rubricyte Metarubricyte

Question 28

What has to occur during erythropoiesis?

Answer 28

decrease cell size condense chromatin decrease basophilia extrude nucleus

Question 29

Two types of rubricytes

Answer 29

Basophilic rubricyte Polychromatic rubricyte

Question 30

Granulocytopoiesis

Answer 30

formation of granulocyte

Question 31

First recognizable stage of granulocytopoiesis

Answer 31

myeloblast

Question 32

Granulocytopoiesis stages

Answer 32

Myeloblast Promyelocyte Myelocyte Metamyelocyte Band cells

Question 33

Which stage of granulocytopoiesis are specific granules first seen?

Answer 33

Myelocyte

Question 34

What has to occur during granulocytopoiesis?

Answer 34

decrease cell size condense chromatin decrease basophilia develop specific granules

Question 35

Megakaryocytopoiesis

Answer 35

form megakaryocytes which form platelets from "pinching off" cytoplasm

Question 36

Other cells in bone marrow (not WBC/RBC/platelets)

Answer 36

plasma cells osteoblasts osteoclasts

Question 37

Hemoglobin

Answer 37

in RBC polypeptide chain which binds heme binds/transports O2

Question 38

Heme

Answer 38

transports O2 in ferrous state (Fe2+)

Question 39

Reticulocyte

Answer 39

immature RBC larger, blue stained (polychromatophilic)

Question 40

Dog eosinophil

Answer 40

granules don't fill cytoplasm vacuoles present (lots of space)

Question 41

Cat eosinophil

Answer 41

small, rod-shaped granules that fill cytoplasm

Question 42

Horse eosinophil

Answer 42

large granules, bulge at surface

Question 43

Dog basophil

Answer 43

lots of space, not full granules

Question 44

Heterophil

Answer 44

rod-shaped granules in leukocytes of avian species

Question 45

CFU

Answer 45

colony-forming units initial/undifferentiated cells in blood development in bone marrow

Question 46

Embryonic bone marrow

Answer 46

blood cells produced by organs (yolk sac, liver, spleen)

Question 47

Postnatal bone marrow

Answer 47

blood cells produced by bone marrow

Question 48

Location of bone marrow

Answer 48

spaces in spongy bone (epiphysis)

Question 49

Yellow bone marrow

Answer 49

marrow from embryo replaced by fat in adult

Question 50

Red bone marrow

Answer 50

produces blood cells

Question 51

Does an older animal have more red or yellow bone marrow?

Answer 51

yellow

Question 52

What is the structure of bone marrow

Answer 52

sinusoid capillaries lined by endothelium that hold developing cells also has reticular cells

Question 53

Erythropoietin

Answer 53

hormone which stimulates RBC synthesis in bone marrow

Question 54

Myeloid-Erythroid ratio

Answer 54

ratio of developing WBC to RBC