Construction And Technology And Environmental Services - Level 1 Flashcards
(124 cards)
1
Q
What are the stages of design & construction from inception to completion?
A
The stages include conception, design, construction, and completion.
2
Q
What is substructure?
A
The part of a building that is below ground level.
3
Q
What is superstructure?
A
The part of a building above the ground level.
4
Q
What is the external envelope?
A
The outer layer of a building that protects it from the elements.
5
Q
What are the Building Regulations?
A
A set of standards for the design and construction of buildings.
6
Q
What different ways can you consider the different stages?
A
Stages can be considered sequentially, concurrently, or in phases.
7
Q
What is the impact of current legislation regulations and standards, both national and international, on your work?
A
They ensure compliance, safety, and quality in construction practices.
8
Q
Tell me about how the various elements of a building work and inter-relate.
A
Elements include substructures, superstructures, mechanical and electrical systems, elevations, and fenestration.
9
Q
Tell me about the process of construction and alteration.
A
It involves planning, design, execution, and inspection of changes.
10
Q
Tell me about your understanding of operational and maintenance processes.
A
These processes ensure the building functions effectively over its lifespan.
11
Q
Tell me about your understanding of alternative construction details in relation to functional elements of the design.
A
This includes different types of piling or structural frame solutions.
12
Q
Tell me about how construction design solutions vary for different types of buildings.
A
Solutions vary based on requirements like clear span or acoustic needs.
13
Q
Talk me through the various stages of the RIBA plan of work.
A
The stages include preparation, design, technical documentation, and construction.
14
Q
How do you adhere to CDM 2015?
A
By ensuring health and safety regulations are followed during construction.
15
Q
What do you investigate in stages 1-4?
A
Investigations include site analysis, feasibility, design development, and technical documentation.
16
Q
What are the benefits of offsite construction?
A
Benefits include reduced construction time, improved quality, and less site disruption.
17
Q
What regulations are there which control the design of a project?
A
Regulations include Building Regulations, planning permissions, and health and safety laws.
18
Q
Tell me about the stages of construction design.
A
Stages include conceptual design, developed design, technical documentation, and construction.
19
Q
What do you understand by substructure?
A
The part of a building that supports the superstructure and is below ground.
20
Q
Give me an example of a substructure.
A
A basement or foundation system.
21
Q
What do you understand by superstructure in construction?
A
The portion of a building that is above the foundation.
22
Q
Give me two examples of superstructure of a building.
A
Walls and roofs.
23
Q
What sorts of surveys can be carried out during construction works?
A
Surveys can include site surveys, geological surveys, and environmental assessments.
24
Q
What is the importance of levelling during highways work?
A
Levelling ensures proper drainage and structural integrity.
25
What are the types of foundation you are aware of?
Types include shallow foundations, deep foundations, and pile foundations.
26
What sort of construction can each of the foundations be used for?
Shallow foundations for light structures, deep foundations for heavy loads, and piles for unstable soil.
27
What are the approved documents?
Documents that provide guidance on compliance with Building Regulations.
28
Give some examples of approved documents.
Examples include Part A (Structure), Part B (Fire Safety), and Part F (Ventilation).
29
What is your understanding of a soil investigation?
A study to assess the soil's properties and suitability for construction.
30
What are temporary works?
Structures that support the construction process but are not part of the final building.
31
What are British Standards?
National standards that ensure quality and safety in products and services.
32
What are the typical components of site investigations?
Components include soil testing, environmental assessments, and geological surveys.
33
What are the main site considerations?
Considerations include site access, topography, and environmental impact.
34
What is a retained façade?
A façade that is preserved during redevelopment or demolition.
35
What is landfill tax?
A tax on waste sent to landfill to encourage recycling and waste reduction.
36
What is a tower crane and how do you erect one?
A tower crane is a tall, fixed crane used for lifting heavy materials; it is erected using a series of components and requires careful planning.
37
What would stop a tower crane from working?
Factors include high winds, mechanical failure, or power outages.
38
What is a scaffold?
A temporary structure used to support workers and materials during construction.
39
What is shoring?
Support provided to prevent collapse during construction or repair.
40
What are hoists?
Devices used to lift and lower materials or personnel on construction sites.
41
What is a foundation?
The lowest load-bearing part of a building, typically below ground level.
42
What are the main components of concrete?
Components include cement, aggregates, water, and admixtures.
43
What is a borehole?
A deep, narrow hole drilled into the ground for exploration or testing.
44
What are piles?
Long, slender columns driven into the ground to support structures.
45
What are the different types of piles?
Types include driven piles, bored piles, and screw piles.
46
What are the different ways that the piles transfer their load to the surrounding ground?
Piles transfer load through skin friction and end bearing.
47
How does load pass from the top of a single storey building to the foundations?
Load is transferred through walls and columns to the foundation.
48
What are the different types of load?
Types include dead load, live load, wind load, and seismic load.
49
How does load pass from the top of a 5 storey building to the foundations?
Load is distributed through beams and columns to the foundation.
50
How do you construct a strip foundation?
By excavating a trench, placing reinforcement, and pouring concrete.
51
How do you construct a pad foundation?
By excavating a square or rectangular area, placing reinforcement, and pouring concrete.
52
What is the difference between bored/pre-cast piles?
Bored piles are drilled into the ground, while pre-cast piles are manufactured offsite and driven into the ground.
53
What is a raft foundation?
A large concrete slab that supports a building's load over a wide area.
54
Under what conditions would you expect a raft foundation to be used for a substructure?
Used in areas with weak soil or where loads are spread over a large area.
55
What is a strip foundation?
A continuous strip of concrete that supports load-bearing walls.
56
What are pad foundations?
Isolated pads of concrete that support individual columns.
57
What was the depth of the pad foundations on your project?
Depth varies based on soil conditions and load requirements.
58
How do you measure the strength of concrete?
By conducting compressive strength tests.
59
What are retaining walls?
Walls designed to hold back soil and prevent erosion.
60
What are the main types of excavation?
Types include cut excavation, fill excavation, and trench excavation.
61
What is a basement?
An underground level of a building, typically used for storage or utilities.
62
What are the different types of basement construction?
Types include full basements, partial basements, and walkout basements.
63
What are the main methods of waterproofing a basement?
Methods include membrane systems, drainage systems, and waterproof concrete.
64
What is scabbling?
A process of roughening a concrete surface to improve bonding.
65
What are the technical advantages of steel frames?
Advantages include high strength-to-weight ratio and flexibility in design.
66
What are the technical disadvantages of steel frames?
Disadvantages include susceptibility to corrosion and thermal conductivity.
67
What are the technical advantages of concrete frames?
Advantages include durability, fire resistance, and thermal mass.
68
What are the technical disadvantages of concrete frames?
Disadvantages include longer curing times and weight.
69
What is powder coating?
A finishing process that applies a protective and decorative layer to metal.
70
What is intumescent paint?
A type of paint that expands when exposed to heat, providing fire protection.
71
How do you apply intumescent paint?
By using a brush, roller, or spray method to coat the surface.
72
What is the size of a typical brick?
A standard brick measures 215mm x 102.5mm x 65mm.
73
How many bricks are in a M2?
Approximately 60 to 70 bricks per square meter, depending on the size.
74
What types of pile foundations are you aware of?
Types include end-bearing piles, friction piles, and composite piles.
75
What are formworks?
Temporary molds used to shape concrete during curing.
76
What do you understand by underpinning?
A process of strengthening the foundation of an existing building.
77
What are the factors that may affect the choice of an internal partition?
Factors include load-bearing requirements, acoustics, and fire safety.
78
What was the underlying cause of the Grenfell Tower fire?
The use of flammable cladding materials.
79
What changes have been made to avoid similar disasters in future?
Stricter regulations on building materials and fire safety measures.
80
How do you appreciate the impact of construction technology on project cost?
Technology can reduce labor costs, improve efficiency, and minimize waste.
81
Explain your understanding of demolition.
The process of dismantling or destroying a building or structure.
82
Explain your understanding of site preparation.
The process of clearing and preparing a site for construction.
83
Explain your understanding of foundation systems.
Systems that support a building's load and transfer it to the ground.
84
Explain your understanding of superstructures.
The part of a building above the foundation, including walls and roofs.
85
Explain your understanding of building envelopes.
The outer shell of a building that protects against weather and environmental factors.
86
Explain your understanding of internal structures.
Components within a building, such as partitions and doors.
87
Explain your understanding of finishes, fixtures, and fittings.
Elements that enhance the aesthetic and functional aspects of a building.
88
Explain your understanding of service installations.
Systems that provide essential services, including plumbing and electrical systems.
89
Explain your understanding of external works.
Landscaping and infrastructure surrounding a building.
90
Explain your understanding of major earthworks and tunnelling.
Large-scale excavation and construction of underground passages.
91
Explain how sustainability requirements have been included in your choice of materials or construction methods.
By selecting eco-friendly materials and energy-efficient construction practices.
92
Explain your understanding of Modern Methods of Construction (MMC).
Innovative construction techniques that improve efficiency and reduce waste.
93
Give examples of MMC.
Examples include modular construction and prefabrication.
94
Explain your understanding of Building Regulations, Codes and other related legislation.
Standards that govern the design and construction of buildings for safety and compliance.
95
What is the benefit of prefabrication?
It allows for faster construction and reduced site disruption.
96
Why might prefabrication be problematic?
Challenges include transportation logistics and limited design flexibility.
97
How do concrete and steel frames compare?
Concrete frames offer durability, while steel frames provide flexibility and strength.
98
Explain partitioning systems you are aware of.
Systems include drywall, demountable partitions, and glass partitions.
99
Explain your understanding of cladding and glazing systems.
Cladding protects the building envelope, while glazing provides natural light and views.
100
What does hard and soft landscaping mean?
Hard landscaping includes permanent structures, while soft landscaping involves plants and greenery.
101
Explain your understanding of services technology.
Technologies that support building services, including HVAC and electrical systems.
102
What type of M&E systems are you aware of?
Types include heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and electrical systems.
103
What are mains services?
Essential services like water, electricity, and gas supplied to buildings.
104
Explain your understanding of air conditioning and ventilation systems.
Systems that regulate indoor air quality and temperature.
105
Explain types of fire safety and security systems you are aware of.
Types include smoke detectors, fire alarms, and security cameras.
106
What environmental systems and controls are you aware of?
Systems include energy management systems and water conservation technologies.
107
Explain your understanding of party wall issues and rights of light.
Legal considerations regarding shared walls and access to natural light.
108
What dangerous or banned substances are you aware of?
Substances include asbestos and lead-based paints.
109
What are the implications you need to consider when specifying insulation?
Considerations include thermal performance, fire safety, and environmental impact.
110
What surveys would you expect to undertake prior to designing a foundation?
Surveys include soil investigations and site assessments.
111
What other factors would you consider when designing a foundation?
Factors include load requirements, soil conditions, and environmental impact.
112
What is the purpose of a cavity tray?
To direct water away from the wall and prevent moisture ingress.
113
What are the different structural forms a building can take?
Forms include framed, load-bearing, and shell structures.
114
Give examples of residential, commercial and industry structures.
Residential: houses; Commercial: office buildings; Industry: factories.
115
Describe 3 types of flat roof structures and how they are made up.
Types include warm roofs, cold roofs, and inverted roofs, each with different insulation and drainage methods.
116
Explain the changes and requirements in the 18th Edition Wiring Regulations.
Changes include updated safety standards and requirements for electrical installations.
117
When did these come into force?
The 18th Edition Wiring Regulations came into force on January 1, 2019.
118
Explain what you understand by the NHBC Standards.
Standards set by the National House Building Council for new homes.
119
Give an example of one of the standards.
An example is the requirement for structural integrity in new builds.
120
How does the construction of a cavity and a solid wall differ?
Cavity walls have an air gap for insulation, while solid walls are a single layer.
121
Explain different types of roof construction you are aware of.
Types include pitched roofs, flat roofs, and green roofs.
122
What is thermal movement?
Expansion and contraction of materials due to temperature changes.
123
What is the difference between a cold and warm deck flat roof?
Cold decks have insulation above the deck, while warm decks have insulation below.
124
What is an inverted roof?
A roof where the insulation is placed above the waterproofing layer.
