COPD: Emphysema and chronic bronchitis

Question 1

What two clinical entities comprise chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Answer 1

Emphysema and chronic bronchitis

Question 2

What does emphysema damage or destroy?

Answer 2

The fragile structure of the terminal bronchioles

Question 3

What conditions can significantly impair the ability to move air, leading to restrictive lung diseases?

Answer 3

Severe kyphosis and scoliosis

Question 4

What is a primary risk associated with restrictive lung diseases?

Answer 4

Infection

Question 5

How is chronic bronchitis defined?

Answer 5

Sputum production most days of the month for 3 or more months out of the year for more than 2 years

Question 6

What is a typical characteristic of a patient with chronic bronchitis?

Answer 6

Heavy cigarette smoker

Question 7

What is another common characteristic of patients with chronic bronchitis?

Answer 7

Usually overweight

Question 8

What complexion is often observed in patients with chronic bronchitis?

Answer 8

Congested and sometimes has a blue complexion

Question 9

What blood gas levels are typically abnormal in patients with chronic bronchitis?

Answer 9

Elevated PaCO2 (hypercapnia) and decreased PaO2 (hypoxemia)

Question 10

What cardiovascular condition is often associated with chronic bronchitis?

Answer 10

Right-sided heart failure (cor pulmonale)