Pulmonary embolism Flashcards
(17 cards)
What can compromise pulmonary circulation?
A blood clot (embolism), a fat embolism from a broken bone, an amniotic fluid embolism, or an air embolism
Where do large embolisms usually lodge in the pulmonary circulation?
In a major branch of the pulmonary artery
Why is pulmonary embolism often misdiagnosed?
Because of its confusing presentation
What may the early presentation of pulmonary embolism reveal?
Normal breath sounds with good peripheral aeration
What is the classic presentation of pulmonary embolism?
Sudden dyspnea, cyanosis, and possibly sharp chest pain
What hallmark sign indicates pulmonary embolism?
Cyanosis that does not resolve with oxygen therapy
Where do pulmonary emboli often originate?
In the large veins of the leg, particularly the greater saphenous vein
What condition increases the risk of pulmonary embolism?
Thrombophlebitis
What is the Homan sign?
Calf pain during dorsiflexion of the foot caused by thrombophlebitis
When do clots typically form?
When a person is immobile for a prolonged period
What measures are prescribed for bedridden patients to reduce clot formation?
Anticoagulants, special stockings, or other devices
What device may be inserted for patients with a history of deep venous thrombosis?
A Greenfield filter
What recent evidence has changed the approach to filters for blood clots?
That filters can erode through the blood vessel wall, leading to a shift toward retrievable filters
What is a saddle embolus?
An exceptionally large pulmonary embolus lodged at the bifurcation of the right and left pulmonary arteries
What is the outcome of a cardiac arrest caused by a large pulmonary embolus?
It is a perilous situation that few patients survive
What physical sign may patients with a large pulmonary embolus exhibit?
Cape cyanosis despite good-quality CPR and ventilation with 100% supplemental oxygen
What should be done for patients complaining of chest pain or those with a pulmonary embolus?
Transport them to the nearest emergency facility
