Obstruction of lower airway

Question 1

What are the most common obstructive airway diseases?

Answer 1

Emphysema, Chronic bronchitis, Asthma

These conditions are characterized by airflow obstruction within the lungs.

Question 2

What occurs during obstructive disease?

Answer 2

Positive pressure of exhalation causes small airways to pinch shut, trapping gas in the alveoli.

This mechanism leads to difficulty in exhaling air from the lungs.

Question 3

What is more effective for people with COPD when exhaling?

Answer 3

Exhaling slowly at a low pressure

This method helps manage airflow obstruction more effectively.

Question 4

What physical finding may suggest obstructive airway disease?

Answer 4

Pursed-lip breathing

This technique helps patients exhale slowly under controlled pressure.

Question 5

What is the typical I/E ratio in healthy individuals?

Answer 5

1:2

This ratio indicates normal breathing patterns.

Question 6

What can the I/E ratio indicate in patients with severe obstructive disease?

Answer 6

An I/E ratio as high as 1:6 or 1:8

A significantly altered I/E ratio suggests worsening respiratory function.

Question 7

What role do abdominal muscles play in obstructive airway disease?

Answer 7

They help to push air out during exhalation

Patients must exert effort to exhale effectively.

Question 8

Why might people with asthma complain of abdominal pain after an attack?

Answer 8

They perform the equivalent of hundreds of sit-ups while struggling to breathe

This excessive use of abdominal muscles can lead to discomfort.

Question 9

What causes jugular venous distention in patients with obstructive disease?

Answer 9

Trapped air in the lungs increases pressure in the thorax

This pressure can cause blood to back up in the jugular veins.