Core principles of Realism Flashcards
(12 cards)
What are the 2 core principles of realism?
- Humans are selfish and competitive (egoism).
- The international system is anarchic (no higher authority than states).
Why are states seen as selfish in realism?
Because they are run by humans, who are naturally self-interested. States pursue national interest and expect betrayal from others.
Example of betrayal in realism?
Post-WW1, Italy was promised land by the Allies but didn’t receive it—showing states can’t always trust allies.
What is meant by ‘states are rational’?
States act only when benefits outweigh the risks.
What is a ‘unitary actor’?
A state acts as one single body—no internal disagreements in foreign policy.
What does it mean that states are amoral in realism?
Moral concerns like justice or human rights are secondary to achieving national goals.
Why do states seek power?
To gain security, protection, and negotiating strength (economic and military power).
What is the security dilemma?
When one state increases military strength for security, others do the same—risking conflict.
Imbalance of power vs. balance of power?
- Imbalance: Few states hold most power = unstable.
- Balance: Power is distributed = more stable.
What is international anarchy in realism?
No world government above states = self-help system = potential for conflict.
Why does international anarchy cause conflict?
Because there’s no authority to stop states from acting selfishly or aggressively.
What is the ‘billiard ball model’?
States are like billiard balls—when they interact, they bounce off (conflict), not merge (cooperate).
