Cross Species - Top 30 Zoonotic Diseases Part 6 Flashcards
(52 cards)
what is the classic case presentation of toxoplasmosis in felids?
typically no clinical signs
if signs - acute fever, dyspnea, & encephalitis
what is the classic case presentation of toxoplasmosis in non-felid veterinary cases?
abortions, fever, depression, lethargy, & neuro signs
what is the classic case presentation of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women?
abortions & fetal abnormalities
what is the classic case presentation of toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised people?
fever, dyspnea, & multi-organ involvement
what is the etiology of toxoplasmosis? what is the definitive host? the intermediate host?
toxoplasma gondii - obligate intracellular protozoan
definitive host - felids, shed oocysts in feces that infect intermediate hosts
intermediate hosts - most mammals or marsupials with oocysts forming tachyzoites, bradyzoites, or cysts in tissues
how do humans get toxoplasmosis?
fecal oral route
how is toxoplasmosis infection in humans prevented?
avoid direct contact with cat feces - don’t clean the litter box if pregnant & wearing gloves when gardening
T/F: with toxoplasmosis, there is a worldwide distribution, & a suggested association between schizophrenia/epilepsy in people but evidence is lacking
true
what is the classic case presentation of leishmaniasis in dogs?
exfoliative dermatitis (ulcers, nodules), epistaxis, weight loss, exercise intolerance, lethargy, ocular lesions (uveitis, keratitis, blepharitis, conjunctivitis), lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, anemia, hyperproteinemia (hyperglobulinemia & hypoalbuminemia), & proteinuria
what is the classic case presentation of cutaneous leishmaniasis in humans?
papules/nodules, raised ulcers, & regional lymphadenopathy
what is the classic case presentation of visceral leishmaniasis in humans?
also called kala-azar
fever, weight loss, hepatosplenomegaly
cbc - anemia, thrombocytopenia, & leukopenia
what is the etiology of leishmaniasis? what is the life cycle?
leishmania infantum - protozoan with a diphasic life cycle
sandfly vector - extracellular promastigote
dogs - intracellular amastigote
what are the main reservoir hosts of leishmaniasis?
in north america, dogs are main reservoir host
wood rats are also possible hosts
T/F: leishmaniasis is not directly transmissible between infected animals & humans
true
what is the zoonotic risk of leishmaniasis for humans?
usually transmitted through sandfly vector but other arthropods can act as vectors
rarely transmitted among humans via blood transfusions
how long is the incubation period of leishmaniasis?
weeks to months
where is new world leishmaniasis most commonly seen?
used to be most common in central & south america but becoming more prevalent in north america
T/F: leishmaniasis is most commonly seen in foxhounds in north america & vertical transmission is suspected
true
why is leishmaniasis a difficult disease?
difficult to treat in humans & animals & relapses are common
what is the classic case presentation of ehrlichiosis in dogs & cats?
fever, lameness, petechiation due to thrombocytopenia
what is the classic case presentation of anaplasmosis in ruminants?
animals under 1 year old - usually subclinical
older animals - rapid loss of conditioning, decreased milk production, inappetence, anemia, & possible sudden death
what is the classic case presentation of ehrlichiosis/anaplasmosis in humans?
fever, headache, myalgia, & multi-organ failure
what is the etiology of anaplasmosis? what diseases does it cause?
anaplasma phagocytophilum
human granulocytic anaplasmosis, equine granulocytic anaplasmosis, canine granulocytic anaplasmosis, & tick-borne fever in ruminants only seen in the eastern hemisphere
anaplasma platys - canine infectious cyclic thrombocytopenia
what is the etiology of ehrlichiosis? what diseases does it cause?
ehrlichia chaffeensis - human ehrlichiosis & canine monocytic ehrlichiosis
ehrlichia ewingii - canine granulocytic ehrlichiosis
