Exotics Top Topics - Top 10 Reptile Diseases Part 2 Flashcards

(34 cards)

1
Q

what is the classic case presentation of cryptosporidiosis in reptiles?

A

mid-body swelling due to gastric mucosal/glandular hypertrophy

emaciation/loss of condition

regurgitation & diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the etiology of cryptosporidiosis?

A

cryptosporidium serpentes in snakes & c. saurophilum in lizards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how is cryptosporidiosis diagnosed?

A

fecal float, IFA/PCR on feces/regurgitated slime

contrast rads - thickening of gastric rugae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the prognosis of cryptosporidiosis in reptiles?

A

poor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how is cryptosporidiosis treated in reptiles?

A

supportive care only - hyperimmune bovine colostrum has shown good results in supportive care & prophylaxis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how is cryptosporidiosis disinfected in the environment?

A

clean with 5% ammonia solution & allow to dry for a minimum of 3 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

is cryptosporidiosis in reptiles zoonotic?

A

nope - reptile crypto doesn’t affected mammals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the classic case presentation of inclusion body disease in boas?

A

chronic - chronic weight loss, regurgitation, any secondary disease causing diarrhea, stomatitis, dermatitis, pneumonia, dysecdysis

slowly progressive over 1-2 years with progressive CNS signs (tremors, incoordination, depression) & death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the classic case presentation of inclusion body disease in pythons?

A

more acute & severe - stomatitis, pneumonia, acute neuro signs (head tilt, opisthotonus, absent righting reflex, tremors) leading to rapid death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the etiology of inclusion body disease?

A

arenavirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is seen on lab work for inclusion body disease?

A

leukocytosis (especially lymphocytosis) & normal chem panel, cytoplasmic inclusion bodies on blood smear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is seen post-mortem in a snake with inclusion body disease?

A

intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions in the liver, kidney, stomach, brain off of virus isolation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how is inclusion body disease diagnosed?

A

biopsy of esophageal tonsils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the treatment for inclusion body disease? what is the prognosis?

A

supportive care - prognosis is very poor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how does inclusion body disease spread?

A

body fluids from breeding/fighting/etc - snake mites (ophionyssus natricis) may be vectors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what disease should be ruled out in every sick boa?

A

inclusion body disease

16
Q

what is the classic case presentation of snake mites?

A

small black specks on or between scales especially gluttal folds & around eyes

snake spends a lot of time soaking to drown mites - anemia if high burden

17
Q

what is the etiology of snake mites? how is it diagnosed?

A

blood feeding ophionyssus natricis

close inspection of skin - scotch tape collection or rub reptile over white paper

18
Q

how are snake mites treated?

A

ivermectin/pyrethrins

thoroughly disinfection of enclosure

predatory mites (hypoaspis mites) feed on snake mites & can be used as treatment

19
Q

what is the prognosis for snake mites?

A

usually good but can be difficult to eradicate

20
Q

what other reptiles can carry snake mites?

21
Q

what is the classic case presentation of hypovitaminosis A?

A

young reptile (especially red eared slider) with swollen/closed eyes, may see discharge, dysecdysis, thickened lips, lethargy, depression, weight loss

22
Q

how is hypovitaminosis A diagnosed?

A

based on physical, dietary history, & response to treatment

23
Q

how is hypovitaminosis A treated?

A

avoid overdosing!!!! signs include anorexia, skin sloughing, & edema

feed carotene-rich foods

abx if secondary infection

24
what is the prognosis of hypovitaminosis A?
can be good if caught in time
25
what disease in turtles may be linked to hypovitaminosis A?
aural abscesses
26
what zoonotic concern is important to remember when handling reptiles with hypovitaminosis A?
they carry salmonella!!!
27
what is the classic case presentation of amoebiasis?
affects most snakes & lizards - lethargy, anorexia, dehydration, wasting, frank blood in feces due to ulcerative colitis, diarrhea, & death
28
what is the etiology of amoebiasis?
entamoeba invadens
29
how is amoebiasis diagnosed?
direct smear & float looking for cysts
30
what is seen on necropsy from an animal with amoebiasis?
hepatic abscesses & ulceration of the gi tract
31
how is amoebiasis treated?
metronidazole, fluids, & mucosal protectants
32
T/F: entamoeba invadens can be normal gut flora in some turtle
true
33
why not house snakes with turtles?
classic disease in mixed exhibits!!!! pathogenic in snakes (except cobras & eastern king snakes) giant tortoises, & some lizards