CVS anatomy

Question 1

what are the main contents of the posterior mediastinum

Answer 1

oesophagus and vagus nerve, azygos vein, sympathetic trunk, thoracic duct, descending aorta and splanchnic nerves

Question 2

the cephalic vein drains into

Answer 2

the axillary vein below the clavicle

Question 3

the median cubital vein connects to the cephalic and basilica vein across what structure

Answer 3

the cubital fossa

Question 4

the basilica vein runs continuous with the

Answer 4

deep brachial veins on the medial side.

Question 5

the long saphenous vein drains into the

Answer 5

femoral vein

Question 6

the short saphenous vein drains into

Answer 6

the popliteal vein

Question 7

the popliteal vein becomes the

Answer 7

femoral vein proximally

Question 8

the femoral vein becomes the

Answer 8

external iliac vein proximally

Question 9

the subclavian artery arises at the lateral border of

Answer 9

the first rib

Question 10

the axillary artery becomes the

Answer 10

the brachial artery at the inferior border of the teres major m.

Question 11

the brachial divides into what arteries at what structure?

Answer 11

radial and ulnar at the cubital fossa

Question 12

external iliac artery forms the

Answer 12

common femoral artery in the anterior thigh

Question 13

superficial femoral artery becomes the

Answer 13

popliteal artery at the popliteal fossa

Question 14

the popliteal artery forms the

Answer 14

anterior and post tibial artery

Question 15

post tibial artery supplies the

Answer 15

fibula and the plantar surface of the foot

Question 16

ant. tibial artery forms the

Answer 16

dorsalis pedis between the 1 and 2 toes

Question 17

what are the superficial arterial pulse points of the body

Answer 17

temporal and facial of the Ext. carotid
common carotid - aortic arch 
brachial - axillary
radial - brachial 
femoral - ext. iliac
popliteal - femoral 
post tibial - popliteal 
dorsalis pedis - ant. tibial

Question 18

the intima of a blood vessel is

Answer 18

thinnest layer of endothelial cells, and some sub endothelial cells with an dense internal elastic lamina surrounding.

Question 19

the media of a blood vessel is

Answer 19

thickest layer providing support and elasticity composing of smooth muscle and connective tissue, bundled in the external elastic lamina

Question 20

the adventitia of a blood vessel composed of

Answer 20

connective tissue, nutrient vessels, and autonomic nerves

Question 21

muscular artery examples

Answer 21

brachial, radial, femoral, post. tibia and coronary

Question 22

elastic arteries example

Answer 22

aorta and pulmonary trunk

Question 23

characteristics of muscular arteries

Answer 23

smaller, thick smooth muscle and few elastic fibres

Question 24

elastic artery characteristics

Answer 24

large, directly from the heart, wavy elastic fibres,

Question 25

heart lies between what vertebrae

Answer 25

T5-8

Question 26

Apex of the heart would be felt by the

Answer 26

5fth intercostal space

Question 27

what are the two types of pericardia

Answer 27

serous and fibrous

Question 28

fibrous layer of the pericardia consists of

Answer 28

dense connective tissue sac

Question 29

the serous layer of the pericardium consists of

Answer 29

outer parietal layer and inner visceral layer called the epicardium.

Question 30

right atrium identifying features

Answer 30

Openings for: IVC, SVC, Coronary sinus Interatrial septum Fossa ovalis in ia septum Musculi pectinati Tricuspid valve

Question 31

right ventricle identifying features

Answer 31

Main identification features: Tricuspid valve 3 valve cusps Chordae tendineae Papillary muscles x3 Trabeculae carneae (contractile fleshy struts) Moderator band (Septomarginal trabeculum) Opening for pulmonary trunk Interventricular septum

Question 32

left atrium identifying features

Answer 32

Main identifying features: Openings for: l + r superior pulmonary veins l + r inferior pulmonary veins Bicuspid (mitral) valve Smooth-walled, small chamber, lying wholly postero-superiorly against oesophagus. Forms base of heart

Question 33

left ventricle identifying features

Answer 33

Main identification features: Biscuspid (mitral valve) 2 valve cusps 2 Papillary muscles Chordae tendineae Trabeculae carneae Opening for aorta Interventricular septum Wall 3x as thick as right ventricular wall. Forms apex of heart

Question 34

what is the coronary supply of the heart

Answer 34

Right coronary artery from the right aortic sinus of the ascending aorta dividing into right marginal and posterior descending Left coronary artery from the left aortic sinus of the ascending aorta dividing left anterior and descending

Question 35

cardiac veins of the heart

Answer 35

Great cardiac vein lies alongside ant interventricular a. Middle cardiac vein lies alongside post interventricular a. Small cardiac vein lies alongside r. marginal a.

Question 36

the cardiac veins drain into

Answer 36

the coronary sinus which drains into the right atrium. Except for the anterior cardiac vein which drains directly.

Question 37

what is the cardiac innervation

Answer 37

phrenic nerve innervates the fibrous and parietal layers and detects pain vagus innervates the visceral layer sympathetic from the thoracic ganglia innervate muscle and visceral layer

Question 38

the endocardium forms

Answer 38

valves

Question 39

the endocardium consists of

Answer 39

simple squamous epithelium sitting on a basement membrane

Question 40

the epicardium contains

Answer 40

main branches of coronary arteries and fat

Question 41

what are the valves of the heart called

Answer 41

pulmonary valve aortic valve mitral valve tricuspid valve

Question 42

the semilunar valves are

Answer 42

the aortic and pulmonary valves

Question 43

the mitral valve is also known as

Answer 43

the bicuspid valve

Question 44

the tricuspid and bicuspid valves are known as

Answer 44

the atrioventricular valves

Question 45

blood can flow through the coronary arteries during

Answer 45

diastole

Question 46

what are the attachments of the heart

Answer 46

the central tendon of the diaphragm, sternum and roots of great vessels

Question 47

what are pericytes

Answer 47

incomplete cells surrounding the basement membrane around the capillaries. they have the contractile properties to ease the blood flow

Question 48

what are the three types of the capillaries

Answer 48

continuous fenestrated discontinuous

Question 49

fenestrated capillaries filter molecules by

Answer 49

diaphragms filter by molecular weight or charge

Question 50

discontinuous capillaries are found in the

Answer 50

liver, spleen and bone marrow

Question 51

fenestrated capillaries are found in the

Answer 51

endocrine glands and kidney renal corpuscle

Question 52

sinusoids are

Answer 52

large diameter discontinuous capillaries

Question 53

sinusoids are found in the

Answer 53

liver and endocrine glands

Question 54

capillary and arteriovenous shunts are ideal for

Answer 54

skin for thermoregulation

Question 55

superficial veins are characterised by

Answer 55

thick walled and no surrounding support

Question 56

deep veins are characterised by

Answer 56

thin walled | surrounding support from deep fascia and muscles

Question 57

lymph capillaries membrane contain

Answer 57

absent or rudimentary basal lamina

Question 58

vasa vasorum stands for

Answer 58

vessels of vessels

Question 59

lymphatics are found in

Answer 59

the T. adventitia

Question 60

what vertebrae form the posterior border of the superior mediastinum

Answer 60

T1-T4

Question 61

the common iliac arteries arise at what vertebral levels and lies?

Answer 61

L4 and iliac fossae

Question 62

the external iliac and internal arteries arise at

Answer 62

L5-S1

Question 63

the azygos vein exists at

Answer 63

the right side of the posterior mediastinum

Question 64

the hemiazygos venous system exists at

Answer 64

the left side of the posterior mediastinum

Question 65

the hemiazygos vein drains into the azygos vein at what vertebral level

Answer 65

T8/T9

Question 66

what are the 3 main tributaries of the superior vena cava

Answer 66

left and right brachiocephalic and azygos vein

Question 67

what are the two main tributaries of the inferior vena cava

Answer 67

left and right common iliac veins

Question 68

the intercostal veins are drained by the

Answer 68

azygos and hemiazygos veins

Question 69

what posterior chest wall arteries arise from the descending aorta

Answer 69

bronchial, mediastinal, oesophageal, pericardial and superior phrenic artery

Question 70

the intercostal and sternal veins drain into

Answer 70

the internal thoracic vein

Question 71

what part of the spinal nerve supplies the intercostal nerve

Answer 71

ventral ramus

Question 72

what artery gives rise to the internal thoracic artery

Answer 72

subclavian artery

Question 73

the cisterna chyli commences as

Answer 73

L1

Question 74

inferior to which malleolus does the posterior tibial artery enter the sole of the foot?

Answer 74

medial malleolus

Question 75

the venae cordis minimae stands for

Answer 75

small veins which drain the heart wall directly into the chamber of the heart

Question 76

the cardiac vein lies alongside

Answer 76

the left circumflex artery in the anterior interventricular groove

Question 77

the middle vein lies alongside

Answer 77

the left anterior interventricular artery near the posterior interventricular groove

Question 78

the small vein lies alongside

Answer 78

the right marginal artery near the right inferior margin of the heart

Question 79

the anterior vein drain directly into the

Answer 79

right atrium

Question 80

at the 6th intercostal space the internal thoracic artery divides into

Answer 80

the superior epigasteric artery

Question 81

prior to the first rib the subclavian artery divides into

Answer 81

the pericardiophrenic artery before further dividing into the internal thoracic artery but further perforating into anterior intercostal arteries

Question 82

2. From which nerve plexus does the heart get its innervation from and where is this situated?

Answer 82

Cardiac plexus at the bifurcation of the trachea

Question 83

The right coronary artery: a) arises from the aortic arch b) gives off the circumflex artery c) gives off the anterior interventricular artery d) anastomoses with the circumflex artery e) lies in the interventricular sulcus (groove)

Answer 83

D) anastomoses with the circumflex artery

Question 84

The intrinsic rhythmicity of the myocardium is controlled by

Answer 84

sympathetic nerves from spinal segments T1-T4