MSK workbook Flashcards
(329 cards)
1
Q
anterior of the wall of the axilla is formed by
A
pectoralis major and pectoralis minor muscle
2
Q
posterior wall of the axilla is formed by
A
latissimus dorsi muscle
3
Q
medial wall of the axilla is formed by the
A
thoracic wall and serratus anterior muscle
4
Q
lateral wall of the axilla is formed by the
A
intertubercular sulcus of the humerus
5
Q
the axillary artery is the continuation of which artery
A
subclavian
6
Q
what anatomical point does the axillary artery begin
A
lateral border of the 1st rib
7
Q
axillary artery continues as the
A
brachial
8
Q
what anatomical point does the name of the axillary artery change into the brachial
A
inferior border of the teres major
9
Q
clinical compression of the axillary artery may be necessary when
A
there is severe bleeding of the upper limb
10
Q
enlargement of which lymph nodes is common in infection in the upper limb
A
axillary lymph nodes
11
Q
brachial plexus is formed by the ventral rami of
A
C5-T1
12
Q
what’s erbs point
A
C5 and C6
13
Q
what nerve roots form the upper trunk
A
C5 and C6
14
Q
Erb’s Palsy description
A
medially rotated with wrist flexed
15
Q
cause of Erb’s Palsy
A
hyperextension of the head from the shoulder
16
Q
Klumpke’s palsy nerve roots
A
c8 and T1
17
Q
Lower trunk of the brachial plexus refers to
A
C8 and T1
18
Q
muscles affected by Klumpke’s palsy
A
intrinsic muscles of hand and ulnar flexors of the wrist and fingers
19
Q
cause of Klumpke’s palsy
A
undue abduction of the arm
20
Q
branches of the lateral cord of brachial plexus
A
lateral pectoral, lateral root of median nerve, musculocutaneous
21
Q
branches of medial cord of brachial plexus
A
medial pectoral, ulnar nerve, medial cutaneous nerve of arm, medial cutaneous nerve of forearm, medial root of median nerve
22
Q
branches of posterior cord of brachial plexus
A
thoracodorsal nerve, axillary nerve, radial nerve, subscapular nerve
23
Q
posterior veins of the hand
A
cephalic, basilic, and dorsal venous network
24
Q
the cephalic vein arises at what end of the dorsal aspect of the hand
A
lateral end of the dorsal venous arch
25
basilic vein arises at what end of the dorsal aspect of the hand
medial end of the dorsal venous arch
26
median cubital nerve shunts blood from what and to
cephalic vein to the basilic vein
27
dermatome of the thumb
C6
28
dermatome of the index finger
C7
29
dermatome of the pinky is the
c8
30
axillary lymph nodes consist of
```
anterior/pectoral
posterior/subscapular
apical
central
lateral
```
31
the entire upper limb and pectoral girdle articulates at one small joint only, which one?
acromioclavicular joint
32
what type of joint is AC
gliding/plane
33
sc joint is what type of joint?
saddle
34
scapular elevation is by
levator scapulae and partly trapezius
35
scapular depression is by
inferior trapezius
36
scapular protraction is by
serratus anterior
37
scapular retraction is by
trapezius and rhomboids
38
scapular lateral upward rotation is by
trapezius descending and ascending
39
scapular medial upward rotation is by
gravity, levator scapulae, the rhomboids, and pectoralis minor
40
the labrum consists of
fibrocartilaginous glenoid labrum
41
what are the ligaments of the shoulder
joint capsule, coracohumeral, coracoacromial, transversus humeral ligament, glenohumeral ligaments
42
coracohumeral ligament strengthens what aspect
superior joint capsule
43
the coraco-acromial arch consists of
made up of the acromion, coracoid process of the scapula and acromial arch ligament
44
the coraco-acromial arch prevents what direction of displacement
superior
45
what direction is most prone to dislocation in the shoulder
anteriorly
46
which bursae communicates with the joint cavity
subscapular
47
what is the role of the subacromial bursae
facilitates movement of supraspinatus tendon
48
rotator cuff muscle's most important role is
supports the joint
49
anterior fibres of deltoid assists
flexion and medially rotates
50
middle fibres of the deltoid assists
abduction
51
posterior fibres of the deltoid assists
extension and lateral rotation
52
deltoid nerve supply
axillary C5, C6
53
in what common injury is the axillary nerve injured
surgical neck of the humerus fracture
54
loss of the axillary nerve would result in the loss of what sensation
badge area of the deltoid
55
pectoralis major fibres originate from
medial third of the clavicle, sternum, ribs
56
pectoralis major role on the shoulder is
medial rotation and adduction
57
which vein is found in the deltopectoral triangle
cephalic vein
58
nerve supply of the serratus anterior is
long thoracic nerve, C6, C7
59
if the long thoracic nerve is injured what sign is evident
winged scapula
60
what procedure may cause a winged scapula via long thoracic nerve injury
lymph node biopsy
61
superior fibres of the trapezius action on the scapula
elevates
62
middles fibres of the trapezius action on the scapula
retracts
63
the inferior fibres of the trapezius action on the scapula
depresses
64
trapezius is innervated by
spinal accessory nerve
65
what are the actions of the teres major on the shoulder joint
adducts and medially rotates
66
latissimus dorsi action on the shoulder joint
medially rotates
67
flexion of the shoulder joint movements are by which shoulder joint muscles
deltoid anterior
68
extension of the shoulder joint movements are by which shoulder joint muscles
deltoid posterior
69
adduction of the shoulder joint movements are by which shoulder joint muscles
teres major, subscapularis
70
abduction of the shoulder joint movements are by which shoulder joint muscles
middle part of the deltoid, supraspinatus
71
medial or internal rotation of the shoulder joint movements are by which shoulder joint muscles
subscapularis, latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major, teres major
72
lateral or external rotation of the shoulder joint movements are by which shoulder joint muscles
teres minor, infraspinatous muscle deltoid posterior
73
biceps brachii originates from
from the scapula by two heads
74
both heads of the biceps brachii ends at
distal third of the upper arm with a short tendon that inserts into the tuberosity of the radius
75
which head of the biceps arise from the coracoid process along with the coracobrachialis
short head
76
what is the action of the biceps on the shoulder and the elbow joint
flexes
77
action of the biceps on the superior radio-ulnar joint
powerful supinator
78
nerve supply to the biceps is
musculocutaneous nerve C5/C6
79
what part of the brachial trunk supplies the biceps
lateral cord, superior and middle trunk
80
corachobrachialis originates from
tip of the coracoid process
81
corachobrachialis inserts into
medial margin of the humerus around the muscle
82
what is the action of the corachobrachialis on the shoulder joint
flexes and adducts the shoulder
83
neve supply of the corachobrachialis
musculocutaneous nerve C6
84
brachialis originates from
distal half of the shaft of the humerus
85
brachialis inserts into
the coronoid process of the ulna
86
brachialis is covered by
biceps brachii
87
main action of the brachialis
flexion of the elbow joint
88
nerve supply of the brachialis muscle
c6 musculocutaneous
89
musculocutaneous enters the arm by
perforating the coraco-brachialis
90
musculocutaneous nerve continues as the
lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm
91
does the musculocutaneous nerve supply any muscles in the forearm?
N/A
92
knife in the axilla could cause
paralysis of the axillary nerve
93
brachial artery divides into
radial and ulnar
94
profundal brachii is the main branch of what?
deep artery of the brachial artery
95
median nerve arises from
one medial cord and one from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus
96
median nerve in the upper arm travels along
descends along the lateral artery and upper part of the brachial artery, in the middle part of the arm the nerve crosses to the medial side of the brachial artery and enters the cubital fossa
97
does the median nerve give any branches in the axilla and upper arm?
no
98
ulnar nerve arises from
the medial cord of the brachial plexus
99
ulnar nerve upper arm pathway
travels along the medial side of the brachial artery and enters the posterior compartment of the arm through the intermuscular septum and runs along the medial head of the triceps and to the back of the medial epicondyle
100
radial nerve site of damage
radial groove
101
ulnar nerve site of damage
medial epicondyle
102
axillary nerve site of damage
surgical neck
103
base of the fossa is an imaginary line drawn between the two
brachialis and supinator
104
medial border is formed by the which muscle
pronator teres
105
lateral border is formed by the which muscle
brachioradialis
106
triceps long head originates from
scapula
107
triceps two shorter heads originates form
the humerus
108
common tendon of the triceps originates by the
olecranon process of the ulna
109
olecranon process and coronoid process are parts of which forearm bone
ulna
110
main action of the triceps on the elbow joint
extensor
111
anconeus muscle action on the elbow
stabilizes joint and extension
112
nerve supply to the anconeus muscle and triceps
radial nerve
113
radial nerve from the brachial plexus is by
posterior cord of the brachial plexus
114
radial nerve innervates
extensor compartment of arm and forearm
115
radial nerve journey
enters arm anterior to the long head of the triceps and runs with the profundal femoris artery and curves around the midshaft region of the humerus in the radial groove
116
characteristic sign of radial nerve injury
wrist drop
117
ligaments of the elbow joint
medial ulnar collateral ligament, lateral radial collateral ligament and annular ligament
118
annular ligament supports which bone
head of the radius
119
bursitis of the elbow refers to
injury, infection from abrasions of the skin covering the olecranon. repeated excessive pressure and friction produces inflammation
120
elbow joint is what type of joint
hinge
121
radio ulnar joint is what type of joint
pivot
122
main muscles for supination
supinator, biceps brachii
123
main muscles for pronation
pronator teres, pronator quadratus
124
what other muscles assist supination
extensor pollicis longus, extensor carpi radialis longus
125
what other muscles assist pronation
flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus and brachioradialis
126
stronger supinator of the forearm
biceps brachii
127
most powerful pronator of the forearm
pronator teres
128
superficial muscles of the front of the forearm
pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris
129
the common flexor origin of the superficial muscles of the forearm is the
medial epicondyle of the humerus
130
pronator teres innervation
median nerve
131
apart from flexing the wrist the flexor carpi ulnaris also does what to the wrist?
adduction
132
apart from flexing the wrist the flexor carpi ulnaris also does what to the wrist?
abducts
133
the flexor carpi ulnaris is innervated by the
ulnar nerve
134
the 3 other superficial flexor muscles of the forearm are supplied by the
median nerve
135
action of the brachioradialis
flexion at the elbow joint whilst assisting in pronation/supination
136
innervation of the brachioradialis
radial nerve
137
in general the radial nerve supplies
only extensor muscles bar the brachioradialis
138
intermediate group of the forearm anterior flexors muscle is the
flexor digitorum superficialis
139
the flexor digitorum superficialis is superior to the
flexor digitorum profundus
140
the flexor digitorum superficialis gives rise to how many tendons?
4
141
on which phalanx does the flexor digitorum superficialis insert into
intermediate phalanxes
142
the function of the flexor digitorum superficialis is to
flex the wrist, metacarpophalangeal and the interphalangeal joints
143
what nerve supplies the flexor digitorum superficialis
the median nerve
144
the deep muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm are in contact with what?
the bones and interosseous membrane
145
the deep muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm consist of
the flexor digitorum profundus, the flexor pollicis longus and the pronator quadratus
146
main action of the flexor digitorum profundus is to
flex the wrist and finger joints
147
which part of the flexor digitorum profundus is innervated by the ulnar nerve
medial part (4/5)
148
which part of the digitorum profundus is innervated by the median nerve
lateral part 2+3
149
the function of the flexor pollicis longus is to
long flexor of the thumb
150
pronator quadratus origin
in front of the ulna
151
innervation of the flexor pollicis longus
median nerve
152
insertion of the pronator quadratus
the radius
153
action of the pronator quadratus is
pronates forearm and median nerve
154
the median nerve is the main nerve of what compartment
the anterior
155
in relation to the brachial artery the median nerve is
medial
156
the median nerve doesn't supply what muscles in the forearm
flexor carpi ulnaris and the median half of the flexor digitorum profundus
157
does the median nerve enter the hand by passing below or above the flexor retinaculum
below
158
the ulnar nerve enters the forearm by passing through the
heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle
159
the lie of the ulnar nerve to the ulnar artery
medial
160
two terminal branches of the brachial artery are the
ulnar and radial artery
161
is the ulnar artery more lateral or medial than to the radial artery/
medial
162
the carpal tunnel is a
passageway deep to the flexor retinaculum
163
the lateral wall of the carpal tunnel is the
scaphoid and trapezium
164
the medial wall of the carpal tunnel is the
pisiform and hamate bone
165
contents of the carpal tunnel
median nerve
4 tendons of the flexor digitorum superficialis
4 tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus
1 tendon of flexor pollicis longus
166
The thenar muscles form the
thenar eminence of the lateral part of the palm
167
the thenar muscle main action is for
apposition of the thumb
168
what 3 muscles make up the thenar eminence
abductor pollicis brevis
flexor pollicis brevis
opponens pollicis
169
what nerve innervates the thenar eminence
the median nerve
170
the hypothenar muscles lay on what part of the palm
the medial side
171
what muscles make up the hypothenar eminence
abductor digit minimi
flexor digiti minimi
opponens digiti minimi
172
which nerve innervates all the hypothenar muscles
ulnar
173
the two heads of the adductor pollicis
transverse and oblique head
174
which nerve innervates the adductor pollicis
ulnar
175
action of the adductor pollicis on the thumb
adducts thumb lateral border of the palm
176
from which flexor tendon does the lumbricals originate
tendon of the flexor digitorum profundus
177
the lumbrical muscles action
flex the fingers at the metacarpophalangeal joint and simultaneously extend the interphalangeal joint of the 2nd to 5th digits
178
the medial lumbricals are innervated by the
ulnar nerve
179
the lateral lumbricals are innervated by the
median nerve
180
the interossei are present between
the metacarpal bones, 4 dorsal and 3 palmar
181
DAB
dorsal interossei abduct the fingers
182
PAD
palmar interossei adduct the fingers
183
which nerve innervates the dorsal and palmar interossei muscles
ulnar
184
the main superficial palmar arch main tributary is the
ulnar artery
185
the radial nerve supplies what on the hand?
the dorsal sensory aspect of the hand
186
the ulnar nerve innervates most the intrinsic muscles of the hand apart form the
thenar and 1 + 2 lumbricals
187
the wrist joint is what type of joint
synovial condyloid
188
what bones from the proximal part of the joint of the hand
scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum and pisiform
189
what bones form the distal articular joint of the hand
hamate, capitate, trapezium and trapezoid
190
what is the action of the extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis on the wrist joint
both extend and abduct the wrist joint
191
muscles that extend, abduct or adduct the hand at the wrist joint
extensor carpi radialis longus
extensor carpi radialis brevis
extensor carpi ulnaris
192
muscles that extend the medial four digits
extensor digitorum
extensor indicis
extensor digit minimi
193
the extensor digitorum arises from the
common extensor origin from the lateral epicondyle
194
muscles that extend or abduct the thumb are the
abductor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis brevis
extensor pollicis longus
195
which nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the forearm
radial
196
extensor digitorum action
extends medial 4 digits at the MCP joint
197
the deep branch of the radial nerve is also known as the
posterior interosseous nerve
198
what two bones can you feel in the anatomical snuff box
scaphoid and trapezium
199
the four extensor digitorum tendons flatten to form
extensor expansions
200
extensor expansion description
triangular aponeurosis that wraps around the dorsum and sides of the head of the metacarpal and base of the proximal phalanx
201
muscles that attach to the extensor expansion
lumbricals, dorsal and palmar interossei
202
two superficial veins of the lower limbs
great saphenous and small saphenous
203
which superficial vein ascends anterior to the medial malleolus
greater saphenous vein
204
which vein ascends posterior to the lateral malleolus
small saphenous vein
205
which superficial vein empties into the femoral vein
greater saphenous
206
which superficial vein empties into the popliteal vein
small saphenous vein
207
important lymph node groups of the lower limb are the
superficial inguinal ring, deep inguinal and popliteal
208
enlargement of the inguinal lymph nodes are common following
infection of the lower limb and trunk inferior to the umbilicus such as the perineum
209
knee dermatome is the
L3
210
small toe dermatome is the
S1
211
big toe dermatome is the
L5
212
the hip to femur joint is what type of joint
ball and socket
213
what is the acetabular labrum made of
fibro-cartilage
214
function of the acetabular labrum is
to increase depth of the socket
215
the ligaments of the hip are
```
ischiofemoral
pubofemoral
obturator
sacrospinous
sacrotuberous
```
216
movements permitted at the hip joint are the
flexion/extension, abduction, adduction, external rotation/ internal rotation and circumduction
217
hip flexors are
iliacus
psoas
pectineus
218
chief flexor of the thigh
iliopsoas
219
which muscle is the main extensor of the hip joint
gluteus maximus
220
other extensors of the hip are
hamstrings and adductor magnus posterior
221
the adductor muscles are in which compartment of the lower limb
medial compartment of the thigh at the hip joint
222
the adductor compartment is generally supplied by which nerve?
the obturator nerve
223
obturator nerve exits the pelvis by the
obturator canal which passes through the obturator foramen
224
gluteal muscles insert into the
greater trochanter of the femur
225
importance of the hip abductors
raising the limb from the ground the pelvis become unsupported and drop the abductors on the opposite prevents this
226
injury to the gluteal muscles results in what gait?
trendelenberg gait
227
lateral rotators (external) of the hip are
gluteus minimis, piriformis, obturator internus, two smaller muscles accompany the gemelli twins and there is the quadratus femoris
228
quadriceps femoris is a (description)
four headed muscle which forms the bulk of the anterior thigh region
229
four heads of the quadriceps femoris
vastus intermedius
rectus femoris
vastus laterlis
vastus medialis
230
which nerve innervates this anterior group of lower limbs muscles
femoral nerve
231
what is the action of the rectus femoris on the hip joint
extends the knee joint, synergistically flexes the hip with the iliopsoas
232
quadriceps muscles majority are hip flexors or knee extensors?
knee extensors
233
sartorius muscle description
think ribbon like muscle that is the most superficial muscle in the anterior thigh
234
3 actions of the sartorius muscle on the hip
flexes, abducts and laterally
235
what is the main action of the sartorius on the knee joint
flexes the leg
236
what nerve innervates the medial thigh muscles
obturator nerve
237
which structures pass through the adductor hiatus
the femoral artery and vein
238
femoral artery is a continuation of which artery?
E. iliac
239
femoral artery enters the thigh between which 2 bony landmarks
ASIS and pubic tubercle
240
name the large branch of the femoral artery which passes posteriorly toward the hamstrings
profundal femoral
241
femoral vein is the continuation of the
popliteal vein
242
to which part of the tibia does the patellar ligament attach
tibial tuberosity
243
which two important veins drain into the femoral triangle
profundal femoris vein and great saphenous
244
muscles supplied by the femoral nerve
sartorius, pectineus, iliacus, rectus femoris
245
the medial boundary of the femoral triangle is the
adductor longus
246
lateral boundary of the femoral triangle is the
sartorius muscle
247
the base of the femoral triangle is the
inguinal ligament
248
lateral part of the femoral sheath is the
femoral artery
249
intermediate part of the femoral sheath is the
femoral vein
250
medial part of the femoral sheath is the
canal
251
contents of the femoral canal are
fat, connective tissue, deep inguinal lymph nodes
252
femoral hernia's are more common in men or women?
women
253
femoral neurovascular structures pass from the adductor hiatus within the tendon of the adductor magnus into
the popliteal fossa
254
nerve roots of the ventral rami of the lumbar plexus
L4-S4
255
which sciatic foramen is the route for structures entering or leaving the pelvic
greater sciatic foramen
256
which sciatic foramen is a route for structures entering or leaving the perineum
lesser foramen
257
superficial layer of the gluteal region has
gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and tensor fasciae latae
258
deep layer of the gluteal region has the
piriformis, obturator internus, superior and inferior gemelli, and quadratus femoris
259
deep fascia of the thigh is called the
fascia lata
260
which part of the fascia lata is called the iliotibial tract
laterally in the thigh
261
what two muscles attached to the iliotibial tract
gluteus maximus and tensor fascia latae
262
what are the actions of the gluteus maximus muscle
extends and lateral rotation
263
gluteus maximus is innervated by the
inferior gluteal nerve
264
what is the actions of the gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and tensor fascia latae
abductors and medial rotators of the hip joint
265
which nerve innervates the gluteus medius, minimus and tensor fasciae latae
superior gluteal nerve
266
the sacral plexus is anterior to which muscle
piriformis muscle
267
what two nerves are the main branches of the sacral plexus
the sciatic nerve and pudendal nerve
268
superior gluteal nerve root value
L4-S1
269
inferior gluteal nerve root value
L5-S2
270
other nerves of the sacral plexus
nerve to the piriformis, posterior femoral cutaneous, nerve to quadratus femoris, nerve to the obturator internus, pudendal nerve and nerve to the levator ani and coccygeus
271
does the sciatic nerve supplies any muscle in the gluteal region
no
272
the most lateral of the 3 muscles in the posterior region of the thigh muscles is called
biceps femoris
273
the hamstring muscle names
biceps femoris long head
semitendinosus
semimembranous
short head of the biceps femoris
274
hamstring action on the hip joint
extends
275
hamstring action on the knee joint
flexes
276
the knee joint is the
compound hinge, synovial joint
277
the articular surfaces of the knee joint are the
medial and lateral condyles, tibia and posterior surface of patella
278
which leg bone is not involved in the knee joint
fibula
279
which muscle is important for stabilising the knee
hamstrings
280
lateral collateral ligament extends from to
lateral epicondyle of the femur to the lateral surface of the head of the fibula (fibular collateral ligament)
281
medial collateral ligament extends from to
medial epicondyle of the femur to the medial surface and upper part of the medial surface tibia
282
at its mid point the medial collateral ligament is firmly attached to the
medial meniscus
283
the anterior cruciate ligament prevents the femur from sliding..
posteriorly
284
ACL blood supply
is very poor
285
the posterior cruciate ligament prevents the femur from sliding ..
anteriorly
286
main functions of the menisci
shock absorption and increase SA
287
unhappy triad involves of the knee
ACL, medial collateral ligament and medial meniscus
288
flexion of movement on the knee joint by muscles
Sartorius, gracilis, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus
289
extension movement muscles responsible in regards to the knee
rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, tensorfacia latae
290
bursae of the knee
suprapatellar
subcutaneous pre-patellar
deep infra patellar
subcutaneous infrapatellar
291
identify the 4 muscles in the anterior compartment
tibialis anterior
extensor digitorum longus
extensor hallucis longus
fibularis tertius
292
what are the two divisions of sciatic nerve
tibial nerve and common fibular nerve
293
which branch of the common fibular nerve innervates the muscles of the anterior compartment of leg
deep fibular nerve
294
the lateral compartment of the thigh contains two muscles
fibularis longus and fibularis brevis
295
the ankle joint is what type of joint
hinge
296
the articular surfaces of the ankle are
distal end of the tibula and fibula with the superior part of the talus bone
297
malleolar grip of the foot is strongest during
dorsiflexion
298
ankle joint is unstable during the
plantar flexion
299
which ligament of the ankle joint is the weakest?
lateral
300
which ligament of the ankle joint is named the deltoid ligament
medial ligament
301
dorsiflexion of the ankle joint is by the
anterior compartment - tibialis anterior, extensor hallicus longus and extensor digitorum longus
302
plantar flexion of the ankle joint is by the
posterior compartment - gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris and posterior tibialis
303
the proximal tibio-fibular joint is what sort of joint?
plane type of synovial joint
304
the inferior tibio-fibular joint is what sort of joint?
fibrous joint
305
upper medial border of the popliteal fossa is formed by the
semimembranosus muscle
306
upper lateral border is formed by the popliteal fossa is formed by the
biceps femoris muscle
307
the inferior border of the popliteal fossa is formed by
later and medial heads of the gastrocnemius
308
the popliteal artery is the continuation of the
femoral artery as it emerges from the adductor hiatus
309
superficial group of the posterior leg compartment muscles
chiefly gastrocnemius,
310
innervation of the gastrocnemius
tibial nerve
311
the function of the very long tendon plantaris
plantarflexion
312
4 muscles make up the deep posterior compartment in the leg and they are
popliteus
tibial posterior
flexor digitorum longus
flexor hallucis longus
313
what are the two terminal branches of the tibial nerve which innervates the intrinsic muscles of the foot
the medial plantar and lateral plantar nerves
314
which important ligament helps in preventing the force against the arch of the foot
the plantar calcaneonavicular
315
integrity of the foot arch passive factors
shape of the united bones
plantar ligaments
long plantar ligament
short plantar
316
dynamic factors of maintaining the foot arch
intrinsic muscles of the foot
long flexor tendons
tendon of tibialis anterior and fibular longus
317
surface marking of the femoral artery
mid-inguinal point, midpoint between the ASIS and pubic symphysis.
318
which hip ligament is the weakest
ischiofemoral
319
the two different heads of the pectoralis and their actions
The clavicular head flexes the humerus, and the sternocostal head adducts the humerus. As a whole the action is to adduct and medially rotate the humerus.
320
Navel femoral triangle contents left to right
Nerve artery vein lymphatics
321
radial never innervations BEAST
brachioradialis, the extensor muscles of the forearm, the anconeus muscle, and the supinator and triceps
322
long head of biceps origin
supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
323
innervation of the intrinsic muscle of the foot
Apart from the extensor digitorum brevis and the first two dorsal interosseous muscles, all the intrinsic muscles are innervated by branches of the tibial nerve
324
first layer of the foot contains
Flexor digitorum brevis.
2. Abductor hallucis.
3. Abductor digiti minim
325
order of muscles on the thenar and hypothenar surfaces
abductor then flexor
326
which shoulder burase communicates with the joint
subscapular
327
lateral cord look miss look
Look for Lateral pectoral (C5-C7)
Miss for Musculocutaneous (C5-C7)
Look for Lateral root of the median (C5-C7)
328
most medical men use morphine medial cord
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Medial Pectoral (C8-T1)
Medial cutaneous nerve of arm (C8-T1)
Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm (C8-T1)
Median root of median (C8-T1)
Ulnar (C7-T1)
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329
posterior cord ULNAR
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U for upper Subscapular (C5-C6)
L for lower Subscapular (C5-C6)
N for Nerve to Latissimus dorsi? Thoracodorsal nerve (C6-C8)
A for Axillary (C5-C6)
R for Radial (C5-T1)
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