reproductive anatomy Flashcards
(164 cards)
1
Q
greater pelvis men and female
A
F: thin and light
M:Deep
2
Q
Lesser Pelvis men and female
A
F: wide and shallow
M: narrow and deep
3
Q
pelvic inlet M/F
A
F: oval
M: heart shaped
4
Q
pelvic outlet M/F
A
F: large
M: small
5
Q
subpubic angle M/F
A
F: obtuse
M:acute
6
Q
obturator foramen M/F
A
F: oval
M:round
7
Q
acetabulum M/F
A
F: small
M: large
8
Q
sacroiliac joint type is
A
posterior is syndesmosis and anterior features of synovial
9
Q
pubic symphysis joint type is
A
secondary cartilaginous
10
Q
anterior inferior wall of the pelvis is formed by
A
the bodies and rami of the pubic bones and the pubic symphysis
11
Q
which muscle occupies the lateral pelvic wall
A
obturator internus
12
Q
which muscle is present in the posterior wall of the pelvis
A
piriformis
13
Q
what nerve network lies on the muscle forming the posterior wall of the pelvis
A
sacral plexus
14
Q
what are the perineal and anococcygeal bodies
A
fibrous medial bodies in the floor of the pelvis
15
Q
list the two functions of the pelvic floor
A
control of defecation and urination and resists intrabdominal pressure
16
Q
innervation of the pelvic floor is through
A
the pudendal nerve
17
Q
cystoceole refers to
A
prolapsed bladder
18
Q
rectocoele refers to
A
vagina wall herniation, prolapse
19
Q
S+I vesical arteries distribution
A
bladder, seminal glands, and prostate in males
20
Q
uterine artery distribution
A
ureter, uterus, ligament of uterus, vagina, uterine tube
21
Q
gonadal artery distribution
A
testicles and ovaries
22
Q
middle and inferior rectal artery distribution
A
seminal gland, prostate and rectum
23
Q
vaginal artery distribution
A
vagina and inferior bladder
24
Q
internal pudendal artery distribution
A
main artery to perineum
25
obturator artery branch distribution
pelvic muscles, urinary bladder
26
Superior vesical artery branch of
the umbilical a.
27
I. vesical artery origin
A. I. iliac
28
uterine artery origin
A. I. iliac
29
gonadal origin
Abdominal artery
30
middle and inferior rectal artery origin
internal iliac
31
vaginal artery origin
uterine artery
32
internal pudendal artery origin
A I. iliac
33
obturator artery origin
internal iliac artery
34
venous drainage of the pelvic structures arise from
internal iliac veins, superior rectal vein, median sacral veins, gonadal veins, internal vertebral venous plexus
35
which part of the rectum drains into the portal circulation
superior rectal vein
36
which parts of the rectum drain into the systemic circulation
inferior and middle rectal arteries
37
prostatic venous plexus veins arise form
the sides and base of the prostate
38
the posterior side of the prostatic venous plexus communicates with which venous plexus
internal vertebral plexus
39
the ilioinguinal nerve root origin
L1
40
ilioinguinal nerve pathway
enters the inguinal canal at the superficial inguinal ring to supply the skin at the root of the penis and the labia of the female
41
the genitofemoral nerve originates at which root
L1 and L2
42
the genitofemoral nerve enters what structure
deep inguinal ring
43
what structures of the genital branch of the genito femoral nerve are supplied in men
cremaster muscle and anterior scrotal skin
44
clinical significance of the genital branch of the genito femoral nerve in men
elevates the testis
45
segmental value of the pudendal nerves
S2,S3,S4
46
bony landmark for the pudendal nerve
ischial spine of the pelvis
47
hypogastric plexus origins
L1, L2 sympathetic fibres and S2,s3,s4 parasympathetic fibres
48
hypogastric sympathetic fibres supply the (men)
vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate and epididymis in the males
49
female genital tract autonomic supply
sympathetic fibres from the pelvic and ovarian plexuses and parasympathetic fibres from the pelvic splanchnic nerves
50
parasympathetic role in men and females (hypogastric)
erectile tissues in both male and female
51
external iliac lymph nodes drain
inguinal, pelvic viscera
52
internal iliac lymph nodes drain
gluteal region, deep perineum, and inferior pelvic viscera
53
sacral lymph nodes drain
posterior inferior pelvic viscera
54
common iliac lymph nodes drain
drainage from the three main external and internal and sacral lymph nodes
55
contents of the spermatic cord
epididymis, testicular artery, pampiniform venous plexus
56
tough outer fibrous layer of the testis are called
tunica albuginea
57
what is the name of the peritoneal sac that covers the testis
tunica vaginalis
58
the two layers of the tunica vaginalis are
parietal and visceral
59
material present between the two layers of the tunica vaginalis
small amount of fluid
60
hydrocele refers to
excess fluid in the tunica vaginalis
61
haematocele refers to
blood in the tunica vaginalis
62
at what vertebral levels does the testicular arteries arise?
L2
63
what are the two important structures the testicular arteries cross
ureters
| inferior parts of the external iliacs
64
name of anastomosing veins associated with the testis
pampiniform venous plexus
65
function of the pampiform venous plexus
thermoregulatory
66
right testicular vein drains into
IVC
67
left testicular vein drains into
left renal vein
68
which lymph nodes drain the testis
pre-aortic and aortic (L+R)
69
vas deferens journey
arises from epididymis, via inguinal canal and crosses the E. I. vessels, terminates by joining duct of seminal gland to form the ejaculatory duct
70
prostate secretions
enzymes, zinc, citric acid
71
bulbourethral glands are located
in the urogenital diaphragm
72
bulbourethral glands drain into
penile/spongey urethra
73
bulbourethral glands produce
lubricant, mucus
74
prostate lymphatic drainage
internal iliac and sacral nodes
75
seminal vesicle lymphatic drainage
iliac lymph node,. external covers the superior, internal covers the inferior
76
scrotum lymphatic drainage
superficial inguinal lymph nodes
77
penis lymphatic drainage
superficial inguinal lymph nodes, deep and external iliac lymph nodes, internal iliac lymph nodes
78
testis histological description
convoluted tubules
4-8 layers of cells
spermatozoa in the lumen
Leydig cells in the interstitial spaces between the tubules
79
prostate histological description
serous aveloi with infolding epithelium
trabeculae of muscular stroma
amorphous eosinophilic masses called corpora amylacea in the alveoli of older men
80
seminal vesicle histological description
no sperm In lumen
highly recessed and irregular lumen forming crypts and cavities giving a honey combed appearance, well developed muscular externa
81
ductus deferens histological appearance
lumen stellate in shape, thick walled muscular tube, epithelial lining and its supporting lamina propria are thrown into longitudinal folds
82
what three structures constitute the birth canal?
vulva, cervix, vagina
83
what are the three layers of the uterus?
perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium
84
the normal position of the uterus is
anteflexed and anteverted
85
posterior fornix relation
larger fornix located behind the cervix and close to the rectouterine pouch
86
the anterior fornix is close to
the vesico-uterine pouch
87
all the vaginal fornixes names
posterior, anterior and two lateral
88
ligament of ovary function
connects the ovary
89
name of all the ligamentous attachments for the uterus and cervix
```
ligament of ovary
suspensory ligament of ovary
round ligament of uterus
broad ligament
cardinal ligament
```
90
suspensory ligament of the ovary role
suspends ovary posterior to pelvic wall laterally
91
what is the alternative name for the cardinal ligament?
transverse cervical ligaments which extend from the cervix to lateral parts
92
the uterine tube consist of
infundibulum
ampulla
isthmus
intramural or uterine part
93
the widest part of the uterine tube is the
ampulla
94
fertilisation occurs in which part of the uterine tube
ampulla
95
cornual ectopic refers to
uterine implantation but ectopic, i.e. the muscular layer
96
uterus to ovary is connected by which ligament?
ligament of ovary
97
ovary to lateral pelvic wall is by which ligament?
suspensory ligament of ovary
98
blood supply to the gonads and genitalia are via two major branches from the aorta which are?
gonadal and internal iliac
99
at what vertebral level does the gonadal arteries arise?
L2
100
the ovarian artery journey
descends within the suspensory ligament to supply the ovaries via the broad ligament
101
the ovarian artery anastomose with which artery?
uterine artery
102
left gonadal vein drains into
left renal vein
103
right gonadal vein drains into
IVC
104
the uterine artery crosses over what relevant structure?
ureter
105
the uterine artery crosses over the ureter at what anatomical point?
the ischial spine at the junction of the cervix and lateral part of the fornix of the vagina
106
'water under the bridge' refers to
the crossing of the uterine artery over the ureter
107
a hysterectomy complication may result in
injury to the ureter
108
labia and distal vagina superior lymphatic drainage
internal and external iliac lymph nodes
109
labia and distal vagina middle lymphatic drainage
internal iliac lymph nodes
110
labia and distal vagina inferior lymphatic drainage
sacral and common iliac lymph nodes
111
labia and distal vagina inferior lymphatic drainage
superficial inguinal lymph nodes
112
which group of lymph nodes drain from the ovaries?
right and left artic and lumbar lymph nodes
113
fundus and upper uterine body lymphatic drainage
pre-aortic group of lymph nodes
114
most part of uterine body lymphatic drainage
external iliac lymph nodes
115
uterine cervix and upper vagina lymphatic drainage
internal iliac and sacral lymph nodes
116
lower vagina lymphatic drainage
superficial inguinal lymph nodes, sacral and common iliac nodes
117
the breasts are..
highly modified sweat glands lying in the superficial fascia of the pectoral region
118
structure of the breasts
15-25 lobules with tubulo-acinar gland and stroma
119
breasts extend vertically from which ribs?
2nd to the 6th
120
breasts extend horizontally from
lateral border of the sternum to the lateral line
121
muscles deep to the breast
pectoralis major, serratus anterior and pectoralis major
122
breast blood supply
subclavian and axillary
123
placenta develops from
the trophoblast following implantation of the blastocyst
124
cross section of the umbilicus contains
umbilical arteries and a single umbilical vein
125
function of the umbilical vein
oxygenated nutrient rich blood
126
function of the umbilical artery
deoxygenated nutrient depleted blood
127
umbilical contains between the arteries and vein a substance called?
Wharton's jelly
128
which triangle lies inferior to the pubic symphysis
urogenital triangle
129
which triangle lies anteroinferior to the coccyx
anal triangle
130
a thin sheet of deep fascia stretches between the right and left sides of the pubic arc, below the pubic symphysis
perineal membrane
131
the muscles of the perineum are as follows
external anal sphincter, superficial transverse perineal muscles, bulbospongiosus,, ischiocavernosus
132
external anal sphincter innervation
pudendal nerve
133
bulbospongiosus innervation
perineal nerve of the pudendal nerve
134
bulbospongiosus function
supports perineum, compresses bulb of penis, assists erection, in women assists vestibular gland compression and extension of clitoris
135
ischiocavernosus innervation
perineal nerve branch of pudendal nerve S2-S4
136
superficial transverse perineal, deep transverse perineal, external urethral sphincter innervation
deep branch of perineal nerve
137
ischiocavernosus function
erection of penis and clitoris, maintained by compressing outflowing veins
138
superficial transverse perineal and deep transverse perineal functions
support and fixes perineal body to support abdominal viscera and resist pressure
139
external urethral sphincter function
compress urethra to maintain urinary continence
140
what does the perineal body consist of
fibromuscular mass that is the site of muscle convergence
141
the external urethral sphincter is found in which pouch?
deep perianal pouch
142
the superficial perianal pouch lies in what direction/lay
antero-inferior to the urogenital membrane and surrounds the external genital
143
the deep perineal pouch lies in which direction/lay
surrounds the deep transverse perineal muscle
144
the main parts of the male urethra
prostatic, intermediate membranous and spongey
145
widest part of the urethra is
prostatic
146
the narrowest part of the urethra is
intermediate membranous
147
the ischial anal fossa lies inferior to the
pelvic floor
148
ischial anal fossa lies lateral to the
anal canal
149
the major content of the ichio-ano fossae is
tough fibrous bands filled with fat
150
a neurovascular bundles enters the ischio-anal fossae through the
lesser sciatic foramen
151
what structures are present in the neurovascular bundle in the ischio-anal fossae
internal pudendal artery, vein and nerve
152
what structures doe the ischio-anal fossae neurovascular bundle supply
external anal sphincter, perineum and skin, penis and clitoris, superficial pouch, deep perineal pouch and vestibule of the vagina
153
location and functions of the vestibule glands
two pea sized compound alveolar gland located slightly posterior and to the left and right of the opening of the vagina. They secrete mucus to lubricate the vagina
154
attachments of the round ligament
cornu of the uterus just below the origin of the uterine tube to the labia majora
155
round ligament is the remnant of the
gubernaculum
156
diagnostic test for a blocked fallopian tube
hysterosalpingogram
157
suspensory ligament is also known as the
infundibulopelvic
158
suspensory ligament attachments
upper pole of ovary and infundibulum of Fallopian tube
To
lateral wall of the pelvis
159
BROAD ligament contents
```
Bundle (neurovascular)
Round ligament
ovarian ligaments
artefacts
duct
```
160
uterosacral ligament attachments
These ligaments travel from the uterus to the anterior aspect of the sacrum
161
how is the bladder peritonised?
only the superior surface
162
Leydig cells role
testosterone
163
Sertoli cells role
support spermatogenesis
164
cremaster innervation
genitofemoral nerve
