head and neck Flashcards
(204 cards)
1
Q
what are the four fascia of the neck
A
deep cervical fascia, prevertebral fascia, pretracheal fascia, carotid sheath
2
Q
name of the large skull bones
A
ethmoid, frontal, mandible, maxilla, nasal, parietal, sphenoid, temporal, zygomatic
3
Q
what is the name of the valve less veins in the scalp
A
emissary veins
4
Q
emissary veins traverse through
A
the diploe
5
Q
cranial nerve cold have what fibres accompanying?
A
sensory, motor, parasympathetic
6
Q
name the branches of the trigeminal nerve
A
ophthalmic
maxillary
mandibular
7
Q
the ophthalmic nerve is purely what function
A
sensory
8
Q
the maxillary nerve is purely what function
A
sensory
9
Q
mandibular nerve is purely what function
A
sensory and motor
10
Q
what are the four key facial muscles
A
orbicularis oculi, orbicularis oris, occipitofrontalis, buccinator
11
Q
the external carotid artery enters through what gland to yield it’s terminal branches.
A
parotid
12
Q
what’s larger the internal or external jugular
A
internal jugular
13
Q
what are the contents in the carotid sheath
A
carotid arteries, internal jugular vein, vagus nerve
14
Q
common carotid on the right side arises from
A
the brachiocephalic
15
Q
left common carotid arises from
A
the arch of the aorta
16
Q
the external carotid artery supplies the
A
neck, faces and scalp
17
Q
the internal carotid supplies
A
brain and internal cavity
18
Q
the internal jugular vein drains from
A
blood from the brain
19
Q
external jugular vein drains
A
from external cranial cavity
20
Q
the cervical plexus is formed from the
A
ventral rami of C1-C5
21
Q
superior thyroid artery is a branch of the
A
external carotid
22
Q
inferior thyroid artery arises from the
A
subclavian artery
23
Q
middle thyroid vein drains to
A
internal jugular vein
24
Q
inferior thyroid vein drains into the
A
brachiocephalic vein
25
thyroid is at what vertebral level
level of C7
26
what are the three sutures on the skull
sagittal, coronal, lambdoid
27
largest foramen in the skull is
foramen magnum
28
superior nuchal line is a part of which bone
occipital bone
29
SCALP stands for
```
Skin
Connective tissue (dense)
Aponeurosis of the occipitalfrontalis muscle
Loose connvective tissue
Pericranium
```
30
the ventral rami of C5 to T1 forms what
brachial plexus
31
occipital artery arises from
external carotid
32
posterior auricular artery arises from
external carotid
33
the supratrochlar artery arises from
internal carotid artery
34
superficial temporal artery
external carotid artery
35
supra-orbital artery
internal carotid artery
36
the facial nerve emerges from
the stylomastoid foramen
37
the parotid duct enters via
the second maxillary molar tooth
38
what bone does the facial artery wind around to reach the face
mandible
39
the facial vein and the superficial temporal veins drain into the
retromandibular then into internal jugular vein
40
what is the joint present between the occipital condyles and C1 and atlas
condyloid
41
what kind of joint is present between C1 and C2
pivot
42
what structures pass through the foramen transversium
arteries, veins and sympathetic nerves
43
what is the special feature of cervical vertebrate
short and bifid
44
cranial nerve for the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius
accessory nerve (11)
45
trapezius function on the neck
extension
46
trapezius attachments
occipital, lower thoracic vertebrae and scapula
47
does the ECA or ICA give off branches in the neck
ECA
48
IJV merges with and forms what
subclavian and forms the brachiocephalic
49
external jugular vein drains into
right subclavian vein
50
mylohyoid muscle nerve supply is
a branch of the mandibular nerve the inferior alveolar
51
geniohyoid muscle nerve supply is
ventral ramus of C1
52
digastric nerve supply is
anteriorly the trigeminal mandibular division and the facial nerve poster
53
stylohyoid nerve supply is
facial nerve
54
suprahyoid muscles are the
mylohyoid, geniohyoid, digastric, stylohyoid
55
sternohyoid nerve supply
C1-C3 a part of the ansa cervalis
56
sternothyroid nerve supply
C1-C3 a part of the ansa cervalis
57
the thyrohyoid nerve suply is
C1 via hypoglossal nerve
58
omohyoid nerve supply
C1-C3 as a part of the ansa cervalis
59
cervical plexus root values
C1-C4
60
what ring does the isthmus of the thyroid gland lie
3rd
61
anatomical parts of the thyroid gland is
left, right lobes and the isthmus
62
the thyroid is situated in what compartment
the visceral
63
platysma innervation
facial nerve
64
action of the mylohyoid
elevates hyoid
65
geniohyoid actions
pulls hyoid, widens pharynx, shortens floor of mouth
66
stylohyoid action
elevates and retracts hyoid
67
digastric actions
depresses mandible, elevates hyoid
68
sternohyoid action
depresses
69
omohyoid action
depresses and retracts
70
thyrohyoid actions
depresses hyoid and elevates larynx
71
sternothyroid action
depresses hyoid
72
functions of the nose
filtration, respiration, humidification, olfaction
73
the vertebral beginning of the trachea
C6 lower border of the cricoid cartilage
74
the floor of the nasal cavity is formed by
palatine processes of the maxillae and palatine bones, extended by the soft palate
75
what two bones form the nasal septum
vomer and the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid
76
the roof of the nose is formed by
formed from anterior to posterior the nasal bones, part of the frontal bone, the ethmoid and body of the sphenoid.
77
what passes through the cribiform plate
olfactory nerve
78
what attaches to the crista gali
falx cerebri
79
what are the various componenet s of the ethmoid bone
cribiform plate, crista gali, perpindicular plate, superior and middle concha and ethmoid air cells
80
what epithelium lines most of the nasal cavity
ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
81
the roof of the nasal cavity is line by the
olfactory mucosa
82
what nerve is responsible for smell
olfactory nerve
83
venous drainage of the nose is via
a venous plexus
84
what are the functions of paranasal sinuses
humidify air, lighten the skull and vocal resonance
85
the sphenoid recess opens into
the spheno-ethmoid recess
86
posterior ethmoid air cells opens into
superior meatus
87
the middle meatus is supplied by
maxillary sinus , frontal sinus, anterior ethmoidal and middle ethmoidal air cells
88
inferior meatus is supplied by
nasolicrimal duct
89
frontal air sinus is innervated by
V1
90
maxillary air sinus is innervated by
V2
91
sphenoid air sinus is innervated by
V1+V2
92
ethmoidal air cells are innverated by
V1
93
what bone forms the roof of the naspharynx
sphenoid
94
the collection of lymphoid tissue beneath the epithelium of the roof and posterior wall of the nasopharynx called the
adenoids and nasopharyngeal tonsil
95
the underlying muscle and cartilage of the orifice of the eustachian tube
salpingopharynegus
96
what type of joint is the TMJ
modified synovial hinge
97
the two articular processes of the joint are
the madibular fossa of the temporal bone and the coronoid process of the mandible
98
what movements of the mandible occur at the TMJ
elevation, depression, protrusion, retrusion and side to side movement
99
what are the muscles of mastication
temporalis, masseter, lateral pterygoid, and medial pterygoid
100
what are the bony attachments of the temporalis muscle
temporal fossa and coronoid process
101
anterior fibres of the temporalis contract cause
elevation
102
posterior fibres of the temporalis contract cause
retraction
103
the massater attachments
zygomatic arch and outer surface of the coronoid process
104
the lateral ptyergoid attaches to the
the lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate
105
the medial pterygoid muscle attaches to
the medial surface of the lateral pyerygoid plate
106
when the two lateral pterygoid muscles contract they cause
protraction
107
two medial pterygoid muscle contract they cause
prutrusion
108
elevation of the madible is caused by
masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid
109
depression of the mandible is caused by
digastric, gravity mylohyoid
110
retraction of the madible is caused by
temporalis and masseter
111
protrusion of the mandible is caused by the
lateral pterygoid, masseter and medial pterygoid
112
innervation of the muscles of mastication
mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve
113
the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve emerges through the cranial cavity
ovale foramen
114
in the what fossa does the mandibular nerve motor branches supply the muscles of mastication
infratemproal fossa
115
the mental nerve enters through the
mandibular foramen
116
the roof of the hard palate is made by
the palatine process of the maxillae and horizontal plate of the palatine
117
the muscle innervated by the facial nerve that lies in the lateral walls of the oral cavity is the
buccinator
118
the muscles of the soft palate are
palatoglossal, palatopharyngeus, pterygoid hamulus, levator, musculus uvulae
119
the nerve supply to the muscles in the soft palate is the
pharyngeal branch of CN X
120
the tongue is divided into an anterior 2/3rd's and a posterior 1/3rd by a V shaped sulcus called the
terminal sulcus
121
what are the three types of papillae
filiform
fungiform
vallate
122
which papillae doesn't have taste buds associated
filiform
123
what is the fold of mucous membrane that fixes the tongue to the floor of the mouth
lingual frenulum
124
anterior two thirds of the tongue general sensory is due to
lingual nerve of the trigeminal nerve
125
taste sensation of the anterior two thirds of the tongue arises from
chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve
126
posterior general sensory of the tongue arises from
glossopharyngeal nerve
127
taste sensation arises from fro the posterior third of the tongue
vagus
128
genioglossus attaches to the
inner surface of the mandible close to the midline
129
the action of the genioglossus is
protrudes tongue to the opposite side
130
hypnoglossus attaches to
upper border of body of mandible
131
action of the hypnoglossus
depresses tongue
132
the action of the styloglossus
retracts tongue and curls it
133
the styloglossus attaches to the
distal styloid process
134
palatoglossus attachment
soft palate
135
what nerves innervates the muscles of the tongue
hypoglossal except the palatoglossus which is vagal
136
the parotid gland is innervated by what nerve
glossopharyngeal nerve
137
submandibular salivary gland is innervated by
chordi tympani
138
sublingual gland is innervated by the
chordi tympani
139
the laryngeal inlet consists of the
epiglottis, corniculate cartilage, arytenoid cartilage, interarytenoid fold and aryepiglottic fold
140
what lies superior to the true vocal cord
vestibular fold (false vocal cords)
141
the cricothyroid muscle is innervated by the
the superior laryngeal nerve
142
nerve supply to the intrinsic muscle of the larynx is via
the recurrent laryngeal nerve
143
what is the sensory nerve supply to the mucous membrane of the larynx
internal laryngeal nerve
144
normal respiration the vocal cords are
abducted
145
rapid breathing the vocal cords are
fully abducted
146
singing the vocal cords are
adducted
147
what are the three muscles that form the inner longitudinal layer of the pharynx
stylopharyngeus
salpingopharyngeus
palatopharyngeus
148
outer circular layer of the pharynx consists of
middle, superior and inferior constrictor muscles
149
the pharyngeal plexus is formed by
vagus and Cn 9 the glossopharyngeal nerve
150
what provides the sensory innveration to the pharynx
glossopharyngeal nerve
151
what provides motor innervation of the phayrnx
vagus
152
the space lateral to the epiglottic fold is called the
piriform recess
153
the space in front of the epiglottis and between the tongue is called
vallecula
154
vocal cord attaches to the
vocal process of the aryetnoid cartilage
155
branches of CNV1
supra orbital, supratrochlear, lacrimal, infra trochlear, external nasa
156
CNV1 supra orbital and supra trochlear supplies
frontal sinus, conjunctiva, eyelid, pericranium and scalp
157
CNv2 branches
infra orbital, zygomaticofacial, zygomaticotemporal
158
CNv2 infra-orbital supplies
mucosa of maxillary sinus, premolar canine and incisor maxillary teeth, skin and conjunctivae of inferior eyelid, skin of check, lateral nose, nasal septum and mucosa of upper lip
159
CNv3 branches
auriculotemporal, buccal and mental
160
Cnv3 auriculotemporal supplies
sensory skin anterior to auricle and posterior to two thirds of the temporal region, tragus and helix of auricle, roof of external acoustic meatus, skin of superior tympanic membrane
161
CNv3 buccal supplies
sensory – skin and oral mucosa of check, gums adjacent to second and third molars
162
Cnv3 mental supplies
skin of chin, oral mucosa or lower lip.
163
describe the course of the facial vein
The facial vein provides the superficial drainage. It begins as the angular vein and ends as it joins the retromandibular branch as it drains into the internal jugular vein.
164
orbicularis oris attachments
medial maxilla and mandible, peri-oral skin and angle of the mouth to the mucous membrane of the lips
165
buccinator attachment
mandible, alveolar process of maxilla and mandible, pterygomandibular raphe to the angle of mouth and orbicularis oris
166
orbicularis oculi attachments
medial orbital margin, medial palpebral ligament and lacrimal bone to the orbits skin and tarsal plates
167
parotid gland parasympathetic innervation
glossopharyngeal
168
parotid gland general sensory innervation
greater auricular nerve C2/C3
169
deep to the superior half of the SCM is the
cervical plexus
170
deep to the inferior half of the SCM is the
IJV, common carotid artery and vagus nerve in the carotid sheath
171
lambda connection is between
connection between the sagittal sutures and the lambdoid suture
172
coronal suture separates the
separating the frontal and parietal bones
173
lambdoid suture separates the
parietal and occipital bones.
174
inferior thyroid artery originates from
external carotid artery
175
superior thyroid artery originates from the
external carotid artery
176
temporalis attachments
attachment; proximal attachment to the floor of the temporal fossa and distally to the coronoid process and anterior border of the mandible ramus
177
masseter attachments
attachment to the inferior border and medial surface of the zygomatic bone maxillary process and arch, distally to the angle and lateral surface of the mandible ramus.
178
lateral pterygoid attachments
first head to the infratemporal surface and crest of the greater wing of the sphenoid and the lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate for the second head. Distally the superior head attaches to the joint capsule of the TMJ and inferiorly to the condyloid process of the mandible.
179
medial pterygoid attachments
first head attaches from the medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate and second from the tuberosity of the maxilla to the medial surface of the ramus of the mandible inferior to the mandibular foramen.
180
TMJ joint description
modified hinge joint involving the head of the mandible, the articular tubercle of the temporal and the mandibular fossa. Covered in fibrocartilage rather than hyaline, the joint capsule is loose and separates the cavity into two separate compartments.
181
describe the course of the CN v3
descends via the foramen ovale to enter the infratemporal fossa dividing into the lingual, inferior alveolar and auriculotemporal nerves posteriorly. Anteriorly it divides into the buccal nerve and the muscles of mastication.
182
the lingual nerve supplies the
sensory innervation to the anterior two thirds of the mouth, floor of the mouth and lingual gingivae.
183
inferior alveolar nerve supplies/ course for the
mandibular foramen and passes through the mandibular canal forming the dental plexus, a branch to the mylohyoid then to the menta nerve via the mental foramen.
184
roof of the mouth and teeth is via the
CNv2 superior alveolar
185
thick part of the TMJ joint capsule forms
lateral ligament
186
stylomandibular ligament is formed by the
a thickening of the fibrous capsule of the parotid gland runs to the styloid process and the angle of the mandible
187
sphenomandibular ligament is formed by the
runs from the sphenoid to the lingula of the mandible and acts as a swing.
188
arterial supply of the eye
branch of the internal carotid and there is the infra orbital a branch of the maxillary artery
189
venous drainage of the eye
inferior and superior ophthalmic veins which pass through the superior orbital fissure from the cavernous sinus.
190
sphincter pupillae description
– decreases the diameter of the pupil and is parasympathetically stimulated, arranged circularly
191
dilator pupillae description
increases diameter, radially arranged and is sympathetically stimulated
192
ligaments of the eye are
sheaths from the medial and lateral rectus form the medial and lateral check ligaments.
inferior and superior oblique sheaths form a suspensory ligament
193
skin of the auricle is innervated by the
by the greater auricular and auriculotemporal CNV3 nerves with some innervation by the facial and vagus
194
external tympanic membrane is innervated by the
external tympanic membrane is through auriculotemporal nerve CNV3, internal surface is the glossopharyngeal nerve
195
tympanic membrane related to the chorda tympani via the malleus attaches to it and posterior to the malleus is the chorda tympani
the malleus attaches to it and posterior to the malleus is the chorda tympani
196
where is the internal carotid artery to the middle ear cavity
anteriorly
197
the IJV is related to the middle ear by
inferiorly
198
hyperacusis refers to
debilitating hearing disorder characterised by sensitivity to certain frequencies and volume ranges. Caused by excess exposure to high decibels
199
facial and scalp lymphatic drainage
They the drain into the superficial ring (peri-cervical) – submental, submandibular, parotid, mastoid and occipital, they then drain deep cervical chain along the IJV which feed into the jugular lymph trunk which joins the thoracic duct.
200
upper and lateral lower lip lymphatically drained by
submandibular
201
lymph from chin and central lower lip drains into the
submental lymph nodes
202
posterior third of the tongue lymphatically is drained by
deep cervical lymph nodes
203
medial anterior two thirds of the tongue supplied by
deep cervical lymph nodes
204
lateral two thirds of the tongue drain to the
submandibular lymph nodes
