neurology, the eye and ear

Question 1

what are the seven bones of the orbit

Answer 1

ethmoidal, lacrimal, sphenoid lesser wing, sphenoid greater wing, frontal, maxillary and zygomatic

Question 2

what passes through the optic foramen

Answer 2

optic nerve and ophthalmic artery

Question 3

what passes through the superior orbital fissure

Answer 3

oculomotor nerve, ophthalmic nerve, ophthalmic veins and the trochlear nerve

Question 4

what passes through the inferior orbital fissure

Answer 4

maxillary nerve

Question 5

the outer fibrous layer of the eye consists of

Answer 5

the sclera and cornea

Question 6

the middle vascular layer of the eye consists of

Answer 6

choroid,iris and ciliary body

Question 7

the inner sensory layer consists of the

Answer 7

retina

Question 8

the watery fluid in the anterior segment of the eye is

Answer 8

the aqueous humour

Question 9

the gel in the posterior segment is the

Answer 9

vitreous body

Question 10

the ciliaris is located

Answer 10

posterior to the corneoscleral junction

Question 11

the function of the ciliaris muscle is

Answer 11

accommodation thickening of the lens

Question 12

the innervation of the ciliaris muscle is

Answer 12

parasympathetic via the third cranial nerve

Question 13

the constrictor pupillae location is

Answer 13

the pupillary border of the iris

Question 14

the innvervation of the constrictor pupil muscle is

Answer 14

parasympathetic via the oculomotor nerve

Question 15

the dilator pupil muscle is innverated by the

Answer 15

sympathetic innervation throguh long cilaic arteries from the cervical plexus

Question 16

what are the extrinsic muscles of the eye

Answer 16

medial rectus, lateral rectus, inferior oblique, superior oblique, inferior recuts, superior rectus

Question 17

medial rectus action

Answer 17

adducts

Question 18

lateral rectus action

Answer 18

abducts

Question 19

superior rectus actions

Answer 19

elevates, adducts and intorsion

Question 20

intorsion refers to

Answer 20

medial rotation

Question 21

the inferior rectus actions

Answer 21

depresses, abducts and extorsion

Question 22

extorison refers to

Answer 22

lateral rotation

Question 23

superior oblique actions

Answer 23

depression, abduction and intorsion

Question 24

inferior oblique actions

Answer 24

abducts, elevates and rotates extorsion

Question 25

which extrinsic eye muscle doesn't arise from the posterior aspect of the orbit

Answer 25

inferior oblique

Question 26

which ligaments prevent over adduction and over abduction

Answer 26

check ligaments medial and lateral

Question 27

the function of suspensory ligaments of the eye are to

Answer 27

supports and prevents displacement of the eye

Question 28

the opthalmic artery is a branch of the

Answer 28

internal carotid artery

Question 29

what are the types of joint between the malleus and incus

Answer 29

saddle

Question 30

what type of joint is between the incus and stapes

Answer 30

ball and socket

Question 31

the stapes has what joint

Answer 31

hinge joint

Question 32

which ossicle is in connection with the tympanic membrane

Answer 32

malleus

Question 33

which ossicle is in contact with the oval window

Answer 33

the stapes

Question 34

what are the two muscles of the ossicles

Answer 34

tensor tympani and the stapedius

Question 35

the functions of the tensor tympani is

Answer 35

dampen the tymapnic membrane

Question 36

the function of the stapedius is to

Answer 36

protect the inner ear

Question 37

the inner and middle ear are contained within what bone

Answer 37

the petrous temporal bone

Question 38

what fluid is within the bony labyrinth

Answer 38

perilymph

Question 39

what fluid is within the membranous labyrinth

Answer 39

endolymph

Question 40

what foramen does the facial nerve exit the posterior cranial fossa

Answer 40

internal acoustic foramen

Question 41

the chorda tympani seperates from the facial nerve in the

Answer 41

middle ear

Question 42

chorda tympani supplies the

Answer 42

secretomotor for the sublingual and submandibular gland parasympathetic and the sesnory fibres for taste for the anterior two thirds of the tongue

Question 43

lymph nodes of face and scalp

Answer 43

parotid, buccal, submental, submandibular, mastoid and occipital

Question 44

lymphatic drainage of the neck

Answer 44

anterior cervical nodes, superficial cervical nodes, retropharyngeal nodes, laryngeal nodes and tracheal nodes

Question 45

retropharyngeal nodes drain from the

Answer 45

nasopharynx, auditory tube, and upper cervical column

Question 46

superficial cervical nodes drain from

Answer 46

parotid, angle of mandible, neck, face and scalp

Question 47

the right jugular lymph trunk drains into the

Answer 47

junction of the internal jugular and subclavian vein

Question 48

the left jugular trunk drains into the

Answer 48

thoracic duct

Question 49

2 features of the anterior cranial fossa

Answer 49

cribiform plate and crista gali

Question 50

the anterior boundary of the middle cranial fossa

Answer 50

sphenoid lesser wings

Question 51

the floor of the middle cranial fossa consists of the

Answer 51

greater sphenoid wings and temporal bone squamous and petrous

Question 52

the pterion is what

Answer 52

H junction of parietal, temporal, sphenoid and frontal bones

Question 53

olfactory nerve passes through what in the anterior cranial fossa

Answer 53

cribiform plate

Question 54

what passes thorugh the optic foramen in the middle cranial fossa

Answer 54

optic nerve and ophthalmic arteries

Question 55

what passes through the superior orbital fissure in the middle cranial fossa

Answer 55

ophthalmic veins, oculomotor nerven abductor nerve | , trochea nerve and sympathetic fibres

Question 56

what passes through the foramen rotundum in the middle cranial fossa

Answer 56

maxillary nerve V2

Question 57

foramen ovale in the middle cranial fossa structures that pass through

Answer 57

mandibular nerve V3 and accessory meningeal artery

Question 58

what passes through the foramen spinosum in the middle cranial fossa

Answer 58

middle meningeal artery and meningeal nerve

Question 59

what passes through the foramen lacerum in the middle cranial fossa

Answer 59

venous plexus

Question 60

the carotid canal in middle cranial fossa contains

Answer 60

internal carotid artery

Question 61

internal acoustic foramen in the posterior cranial foramen contains

Answer 61

facial nerve, vestibulocochlear nerve and labyrinthine artery

Question 62

jugular foramen contains

Answer 62

Central nerves 9, 10, 11, internal jugular veinpetrosal and sigmoid sinuses

Question 63

hypoglossal foramen contains the

Answer 63

hypoglossal nerve

Question 64

the foramen magnum contains the

Answer 64

medulla, meninges, vertebral arteries, cranial nerve 11, dural veins, posterior and anterior spinal arteries

Question 65

what houses the pituitary gland

Answer 65

the sella turica

Question 66

a groove on the either side of the sella turica is for

Answer 66

cavernous svenous sinus

Question 67

flat bones of the skull grow by

Answer 67

intramembranous ossification

Question 68

irregular bones of the skull grow by

Answer 68

endochondral

Question 69

parotid gland secretes

Answer 69

serous

Question 70

the submandibular gland secrete

Answer 70

mixture

Question 71

sublingual salivary

Answer 71

mucous

Question 72

the function of the pyramids

Answer 72

corticospinal tract, corticobulbar, motor fibres and pyramidal tracts

Question 73

at what vertebral level of the spinal cord terminate at

Answer 73

L2

Question 74

at what vertebral level does the dura mater terminate

Answer 74

S2

Question 75

at what vertebral arachnoid mater terminate

Answer 75

S2

Question 76

Lumbar puncture level

Answer 76

L4

Question 77

spinal nerve pairs

Answer 77

31

Question 78

left and right vertebral arteries arise

Answer 78

subclavian

Question 79

carotid bifurcates at

Answer 79

C4

Question 80

ventro basilar

Answer 80

cerebellum and brain stem

Question 81

what nerve arises from above the superior cerebellar artery

Answer 81

oculomotor

Question 82

superior ophthalmic artery drains into the

Answer 82

cavernous sinus

Question 83

what venous sinus runs along the attachment of the falx cerebri to the tentorium

Answer 83

straight sinus

Question 84

middle meningeal artery arises from the

Answer 84

foramen spinosum

Question 85

the anterior horns of the lateral ventricle are separated by the

Answer 85

septum pellucidum

Question 86

the fold of dura mater that surrounds the gland is called

Answer 86

diaphragma sellae

Question 87

red nucleus lies posterior to the

Answer 87

substantia nigra