data analysis

Question 1

What is nominal data

Answer 1

• Data represented in the form of categories, for example, how many students in 6th form drive to school, how many walk etc
• Nominal data is discrete, one item can only appear in one category

Question 2

What is ordinal data

Answer 2

• Data which is ordered in some way e.g. ask everyone in the class how much they like 6th form on a scale from 1-10
• Ordinal data doesn’t have equal intervals between each unit - it does not make sense to say that someone who rated the 6th form as an 8 enjoys it twice as much as someone who rated it a 4 (it does make sense to me but apparently that’s not okay :D)

Question 3

Does ordinal data lack presicison

Answer 3

Yes, as it is based on subjective opinion (psychology questionnaires do not measure something ‘real’ as opposed to measuring height for example)
s ur saying my feelings aren’t real???
GET OUT OF MY HOUSE … NOW

Question 4

What is interval data (not to be confused with internal woah no no no)

Answer 4

It is based on numerical scales that include units of equal precisely defined size (units of measurement for height, time and temperature for example)

Question 5

What are the two types of data numerical can be

Answer 5

Discrete data or continuous

discreet … something avani is not

Question 6

What is discrete data (this is where elishka would make her no one can see me face)

Answer 6

Discrete data is counted and is called discrete data because the units of measurement cannot be split up - it can only be exact measured: show size, rolls of a dice etc

Question 7

What is continuous data (continuous? sign me up ;))

Answer 7

Continuous data is measured using a scale of measurement (yh it is .. the measurement of ma di-): height and distance
- Distance - has meaning at all points between the numbers given e.g. we can travel a distance of 1.2 and 1.85 and even 1.632 miles

Question 8

What is the mean

Answer 8

I’m just kidding, you don’t need to know this ya smart cookies :))))

Question 9

Okay so it wanted u to know what the medians and the mode so just talk amongst yourselves to understand what they are and that’s it ur good and now for some famous sturniolo quotes….

Answer 9

• A RAT BIGGEST RAT IVE EVER SEEN
• GET ME MY STAFFFFF
• WHO IS HE?? IS HE MEE?? FUCK NOOO

Question 10

Give some advantages for the mean

Answer 10

• It is s a very sensitive statistic because it takes account of the exact distance between all the values of the data
• It is representative of all the data

Question 11

Give some disadvantages for the mean

Answer 11

• If one of the values is extremely high or low (anamolous) then the overall mean can be very distorted and therefore misrepresent the data
• It cannot be used with nominal data

Question 12

Give some advantages of the median

Answer 12

• It is not affected by extreme scores so can be useful under such circumstances
• It is easy to calculate
• It is not distorted by any anomalous values - that’s a funny word … anomalous sounds like where nemo lives innit

Question 13

Give some disadvantages for the median

Answer 13

• It is less ‘sensitive’ than the mean because the exact values are not reflected in the median

Question 14

Give some advantages for the mode

Answer 14

• Unaffected by extreme values and is useful for discrete data and is the only method which can be used for nominal data

Question 15

Give some disadvantages for the mode

Answer 15

• Sometimes there are so many modes that the data cannot be described using this statistic
  boi just cannot keep up - which is the case with many many men

Question 16

What are the measures of central tendency (what are these words ffs)

Answer 16

• Mean
• Median
• Mode
• And ur mummn

Question 17

What are some measures of dispersion

Answer 17

• Range
• Standard deviation
• and ur mummmmm

Question 18

Give some advantages for the range

Answer 18

• Easy to calculate so avani can calculate it yessss

Question 19

Give some disadvantages for the range

Answer 19

• ffected by extreme values
• It fails to take into account the distribution of the numbers, for example, it doesn’t indicate whether most numbers are closely grouped around the mean or spread out evenly

Question 20

Give some advantages of standard deviaion

Answer 20

Precise measure of dispersion because it takes into account all the values

Question 21

Give some disadvantages of standard deviation

Answer 21

It may hide some of the characteristics of the data set (e.g. extreme values)

Question 22

What things do you have to keep in mind about observations

Answer 22

• must be adequate data sampling to ensure that a representative sample of participant’s behaviour is seen
• language must be accurate and appropriate and have valid operationalised definitions
• researcher bias must be avoided (jeez sounds like petty yr 8 arguments, yOU muSt bE AVoiDeD AT alL CosTS

Question 23

Why is context important in interviews

Answer 23

The situation in which participant says something and the way they are behaving could be important - context could help the interviewer to understand why something was said and the honesty of the statement

Question 24

Why is a selection of data important in interviews

Answer 24

It can be difficult to summarise and the interviewee (wheeeeeeee) could be consulted about what to include and how to present it

Question 25

What is a case study

Answer 25

An in-depth study using a range of methods on one person or a small group. Because it uses a range of different research methods, this increases reliability by the process of triangulation

Question 26

Give some strengths of case studies

Answer 26

- Rich data (the data do be ballinnnn) - researchers have the opportunity to study rare phenomena in a lot of detail - Unique cases - can challenge existing ideas and theories and make suggestions for future research

Question 27

Give some weaknesses of case studies

Answer 27

- Casual relationships - cause and effect be established - Generalisation - Ethics - informed consent

Question 28

What is a bar chart (elishkaaaa??? take the floor babes - im just kinda assuming u do these in maths lmao. we also do them in bio but no one need to know dat)

Answer 28

- Used to represent 'discrete data' where the data is in catagories which are placed on the x axis - The mean or frequency is on the y axis - Columns do not touch and have equal width and spacing

Question 29

What is a scattergram (elishkkaaaaaaa again babes :D)

Answer 29

- Used for measuring the relationship between two variables - Data from one variable is presented on the x-axis while the other is presented on the y-axis - We plot an x on the graph where the two variables meet - The patten of plotted points reveals different types of correlation (e.g. positive/negative/none)

Question 30

What is a histogram

Answer 30

- Used to represent data on a 'continuous' scale - Columns touch because each one forms a single score (interval) on a related scale e.g. time - number of hours of hw students do each work - Scores (intervals) are placed on the x axis - The hight of the column shows the frequency of values e.g. the number of students in each interval - this goes on the y axis

Question 31

What is a line graph

Answer 31

- Can be used as an alternative to the histogram - Lines show where mid-points of each column on a histogram would reach - Particularly useful for comparing two or more conditions simultaneously