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PANCE/EOC > Dermatology #1 > Flashcards

Dermatology #1 Flashcards

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1
Q

MC organism for folliculitis

A

Staph Aureus

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2
Q

Treatment for Folliculitis

A

Topical Mupirocin, Clindamycin, or Benzoyl Peroxide

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3
Q

Stephen Johnson Syndrome (SJS) is sloughing involving ______% of the body surface. Most common causes are

A

<10%

  • Medications (Sulfa drugs, anticonvulsants, and Lamotrigine, Allopurinol)
  • Infections
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4
Q

Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) involves _____% of the body surface

A

> 30%

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5
Q

Symptoms of SJS and TEN

A
  • Positive Nikolsky Sign
  • Involves at least 1 mucous membrane
  • Widespread flaccid bullae beginning on trunk and face
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6
Q

Treatment for SJS and TEN

A
  • Discontinue offending agent

- Supportive (treat like severe burns)

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7
Q

MCC of Erythema Multiforme

A

Herpes Simplex

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8
Q

Treatment for androgenetic alopecia

A

-Topical Minoxidil and Oral Finasteride (5-alpha reductase type 2 inhibitor)

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9
Q

MCC of Onychomycosis

A

-T. Rubrum

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10
Q

Diagnostic for onychomycosis

A
  • Make sure to determine it is a fungal infection before treatment
  • KOH wet mount prep (rapid and sensitive)
  • Periodic acid-Schiff test (most sensitive)
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11
Q

Treatment for onychomycosis

A

-Systemic Antifungals: Terbinafine

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12
Q

A Paronychia is MCC by ______. It is a painful, red swollen area around proximal or lateral nail folds at the cuticle. Treatment includes

A

S. Aureus

  • Warm water or antiseptic soaks
  • Cephalexin or Dicloxacillin are first line oral-therapy
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13
Q

Which spider has systemic and neurologic symptoms within 30 minutes to 2 hours of bite and what is the most prominent feature

A
  • Black Widow

- Muscle spasms, muscle pain, rigidity

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14
Q

Treatment for black widow spider bite

A
  • Wound and pain control
  • Muscle relaxants
  • Antivenom if not responsive to above medications
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15
Q

Erythema Infectiosum is caused by which virus

A

Parvovirus B19

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16
Q

Describe Rubeola

A
  • Caused by Measles virus (Part of Paramyxovirus family)
  • Cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, + high fever
  • Koplik Spots: white or blue papules with erythematous base on buccal mucosa
  • Morbilliform/maculopapular rash begins at hairline and spreads cephalocaudally that darkens
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17
Q

Complications of Rubeola

A
  • Diarrhea

- Pneumonia (MCC of Measles related death)

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18
Q

Cellulitis is MCC by ________ and is characterized by localized macular erythema, not sharply demarcated margins, swelling, warmth, and tenderness.

A

Group A Strep

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19
Q

Treatment for Cellulitis

A
  • Oral: Cephalexin, Dicloxacillin
  • IV: Cefazolin
  • Cat bite: Augmentin, Doxy
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20
Q

If you think MRSA, what are the treatment options

A
  • Oral: Clindamycin, Doxy, Bactrim

- IV: Vanco

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21
Q

Erysipelas is caused by _____ and is characterized by

A

Group A Strep (S. Pyogenes)

  • Intensely erythematous raised area with sharply demarcated borders, tenderness, warmth
  • Usually on lower extremities and face
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22
Q

Treatment for Erysipelas

A
  • Oral: Penicillin, Amoxicillin, Cephalexin

- IV: IV Cefazolin, Ceftriaxone

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23
Q

Treatment for Impetigo and causes of Impetigo

A
  • MCC is Staph A

- Mupirocin x 10 days

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24
Q

Dermatophytosis (Tinea) Treatments

A
  • Tinea Capitis: Oral Griseofulvin, Oral Terbinafine
  • Tinea Pedis: Topical Antifungals (Butenafine, Azoles)
  • Tinea Cruris: Topical Antifungals (Clotrimazole, Butenafine)
  • Tinea Corporis: Topical Azoles
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25
MCC of Dermatophytosis
-T. Rubrum
26
Diagnostics for Tinea
- KOH prep: best initial test (segmented hyphae) - Woods Lamp: No fluorescence with T. Rubrum - Culture: Definitive Diagnostic
27
Intertrigo MCC and where does it occur
- In intertriginous areas (inguinal folds, axillae, intergluteal folds) - Candida Spp. Most Common Cause
28
Symptoms of Intertrigo and risk factors
- Erythematous, beefy red macerated plaques with erythematous satellite lesions - Warm moist environments, obesity, DM, immunocompromised
29
Diagnostic for Intertrigo
KOH prep shows budding yeast with or without pseudohyphae
30
Treatment for intertrigo
Topical Antifungals (Azoles)
31
Drug of choice for Scabies
-Permethrin Topical - Other options: Lindane (do not use after shower due to seizure risk, Teratogenic in kids) - All clothing and bedding placed in bag for at least 3 days and then washed and dried on high heat
32
Symptoms of Condyloma Acuminata
-Soft, fleshy, cauliflower like lesions in genital regions or oropharynx
33
Diagnostic for Condyloma Acuminata
-Acetic acid application: whitening of the lesion
34
Risk Factors for Squamous Cell carcinoma
- Sun exposure - HPV infection - Lighter skin - Chronic Wounds, Old scars or burns - Chronic Immunosuppression
35
Symptoms of SCC
- Erythematous, elevated thickened nodule with adherent white scaly or crusted, bloody margins - Nonhealing ulceration or erosion - On lips, hands, head or neck
36
Treatment for Squamous Cell Carcinoma
-Surgical excision with clear margins
37
What is Bowen's Disease?
-Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Situ (has not invaded the dermis)
38
Most common type of malignant melanoma
-Superficial Spreading (trunk in men and legs in women)
39
Explain ABCDE for malignant melanoma
- Asymmetry - Borders (Irregular) - Color (Variation) - Diameter ( 6mm or greater) - Evolution
40
Diagnostic for Malignant Melanoma
-Full thickness wide Excisional Biopsy + Lymph Node Biopsy
41
Treatment for Malignant Melanoma
-Complete wide surgical excision
42
Symptoms of Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis)
- Pruritus - Common in flexor creases - Nummular: coin shaped lesions on dorsum of hands, feet, knees, elbows
43
Treatment for Eczema
- Topical Corticosteroids - Antihistamines for itching - Wet dressings (Burrow's Solution) - Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors (Tacrolimus, Pimecrolimus)
44
Pityriasis Rosacea Symptoms
-Herald patch (solitary salmon-colored macule) for 1-2 weeks, then smaller, pruritic round or oval salmon colored papules with scaling in a Christmas Tree Pattern (along cleavage lines) on trunk and extremities
45
Pathophysiology of Psoriasis
- Keratin hyperplasia and proliferating cells in the stratum basal + stratum spinous due to T cell activation and cytokine release - This causes Accelerated epidermis turnover
46
Symptoms of Psoriasis
- Plaque: raised, well-demarcated pink-red plaques with thick silvery white scales on extensor surfaces - Auspitz Sign: punctate bleeding with removal of plaque - Koebner's Phenomenon: new lesions at sites of trauma - Nail involvement: pitting, discoloration under nail (oil spot)
47
Guttate Psoriasis appears after
-Strep Pharyngitis
48
Treatment for Psoriasis
- Mild Moderate: Topical Corticosteroids (Calcipotrene), Tazarotene - Calcineurin Inhibitors (Tacrolimus) on face and penis - Moderate Severe: Phototherapy, UVB, PUVA - Severe: Cyclosporine, Retinoids, Etanercept (Systemic Tx)
49
Pityriasis Versicolor is caused by overgrowth of ________
Yeast Malassezia Furfur
50
Symptoms of Pityriasis Tinea Versicolor
- Hyper or hypo pigmented well-demarcated round or oval macule with fine scaling - Skin fails to tan with sun exposure
51
Diagnostics for Tinea Versicolor
- KOH prep: Hyphae and spores (spaghetti and meatballs appearance) - Wood's Lamp: Yellow-green Fluorescence
52
Treatment for Versicolor
-Selenium Sulfide, Sodiu Sulfacetamide, Zinc Pyrithione, & Azoles
53
Stages of Pressure Ulcer
- Stage 1: Superficial, Nonblanchable redness that does not dissipate after pressure is relieved - Stage 2: Extends into dermis. Resembles blister or abrasion. - Stage 3: Full thickness, may go into subcutaneous layer. - Stage 4: Deepest. Into muscle, tendon, bone.
54
Treatment for Stage 1 Pressure Ulcer
``` Wound care with moist wound environment. Pain control Debridement if necrotic tissue present Pressure redistribution -Transparent film for protection ```
55
Treatment for Stage 2 pressure ulcer
- Dressing that maintains moist wound environment | - Occlusive dressings (Hydrocolloid or Hydrogels) if no infection
56
Treatment for hidradenitis Suppurativa
-Clindamycin topical
57
Roseola is MCC by
Human Herpesvirus 6 | -Sixth Disease
58
Symptoms of Roseola
- High fever then abrupt onset of maculopapular, blanch able rash - Rash begins on trunk and neck then spreads to face - Nagayama Spots: erythematous papules on soft palate and uvula
59
Rubella is MCC by
Rubella Virus (Togavirus family)
60
Symptoms of Rubella
- Fever, LAD, Exanthem (maculopapular rash that starts on face and spreads to trunk). - Rash lasts 3 days - Forchheimer Spots: small red macules on soft palate
61
True or False: Rubella is teratogenic in the first trimester
True!

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