Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PANCE/EOC > MSK/Rheum #3 > Flashcards

MSK/Rheum #3 Flashcards

(60 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are the most common bones affected in children in osteomyelitis?

A

Femur and tibia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the MC bone affected in adults in osteomyelitis?

A

Vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Risk factors for Osteomyelitis

A

Sickle cells disease, DM, immunocompromised, pre-existing joint disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

MC route of osteomyelitis spread in children?

A

Acute hematogenous spread

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

MC organism overall of osteomyelitis

A

Staph Aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What organism has an increased incidence after recent prosthetic joint placement, indwelling catheters, neonates

A

Staph Epidermidis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What organism is most common in osteomyelitis in those with Sickle Cell Disease

A

Salmonella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What organism has an increased incidence in neonates in osteomyelitis?

A

Group B Strep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What organism for osteomyelitis occurs in puncture wounds through tennis shoes?

A

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the MC JOINT affected in children in osteomyelitis?

A

Hip joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Diagnostics for osteomyelitis

A
  • Labs: ESR and CRP increased
  • Xrays (initially)
  • MRI: (most sensitive)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the definitive diagnostic for osteomyeltitis

A

Bone aspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Treatment for Group B Strep Osteomyelitis (Birth - 3 months)

A

Cefotaxime + Vanco, Nafcillin, or Oxacillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Treatment for S. Aureus Osteomyelitis (3 months - adults)

A

Nafcillin, Oxacillin, Cefazolin (Clinda or Vanco if PCN allergy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

If the patient has sickle cell and the organism is Salmonella for Osteomyelitis, what is the treatment?

A

3rd Gen Cephalosporin Or Fluoroquinolone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

If the organism is Pseudomonas for osteomyelitis, what is the treatment?

A

Ceftazidime or Ciprofloxacin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Risk factors/Causes of Primary Osteoporosis

A
  • Postmenopausal
  • Senile
  • Caucasian
  • Low BMI (Thin body habitus)
  • Corticosteroid use
  • Smoking
  • CKD
  • Alcohol
  • Inactivity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What other drugs cause Secondary Osteoporosis?

A
  • Heparin
  • Glucocorticoids
  • Phenytoin
  • Lithium
  • Levothyroxine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Symptoms of Osteoporosis

A
  • Bone fractures: pathologic fractures, vertebrae most common
  • Spine compression: loss of vertebral height, kyphosis (hunchback), back pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the best diagnostic test for osteoporosis

A
  • DEXA scan (bone densitometry)

- -T score of -2.5 or less is osteoporosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the treatment options for osteoporosis

A
  • Adequate Vitamin D and Calcium supplementation
  • exercise (weight lifting, high impact)
  • Periodic height and bone mass measurements
  • Smoking cessation
  • Fall prevention
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the first line pharm treatment for osteoporosis?

A

Bisphosphonates (-dronate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Bisphosphonates?

A

-Inhibit osteoclast activity (decreasing bone resorption and turnover)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are some considerations to remember when taking Bisphosphonates?

A
  • Taken with 8 ounces of water 1-2 hours before meals, aspirin, Ca, and antacids
  • Poor oral absorption
  • Calcium and Vitamin D supplementation recommended
  • Adverse effects include esophagitis: must stay upright for 30 minutes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the screening recommendation for Osteoporosis?
DEXA scan in patients 65 years or older
26
Symptoms of Pes Anserine Bursitis
- Inflammation of the bursa located between the tibia and 3 tendons of the hamstring muscles at the inside of the knee, 2-3 inches below the joint - Pain when arising from a chair, at night, or with using stairs
27
Describe the most common history and PE findings for patients with plantar fasciitis
-Gradual onset of heel pain with first few steps in AM and at night - Local point tenderness to underside of the heel - Pain increases with dorsiflexion of toes
28
Polymyalgia Rheumatica is ______ and is closely associated with _____
- Idiopathic inflammation of the joints, bursae, and tendons | - Giant Cell Arteritis
29
Symptoms of Polymyalgia Rheumatica
- Pain and stiffness in the proximal joints and muscles - May have difficulty combing hair and rising from a chair - Normal muscle strength - May have decreased active and passive ROM
30
Diagnostics for PMR
- Increased ESR and CRP - Normal muscle enzymes - Increased platelets
31
Treatment for PMR
-Low dose corticosteroids, NSAIDs, Methotrexate
32
Symptoms of Polymyositis
- Progressive symmetric proximal muscle weakness (shoulders, hips) - Decreased muscle strength - NO RASH
33
Diagnostics/Antibodies for Polymyositis
- Increased muscle enzymes (CK and aldolase): best initial test - Anti Jo-1 and Anti-signal recognition protein
34
However, what is the definitive diagnostic for polymyositis
-Muscle biopsy (shows enodmysial inflammation)
35
Treatment for Polymyositis
-High-dose glucocorticoids
36
Symptoms of Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction
- Player of high-impact sports - Pain and swelling to medial foot and ankle - Flattened arch - "Too many toes sign"
37
In a proximal humerus fracture, what is the treatment and what should you check for?
- Sling/Swathe and ortho follow up in 24-48 hours | - Check deltoid sensation to rule out axillary nerve or brachial plexus injuries
38
Reactive Arthritis/Reiter Syndrome is
Inflammatory arthritis in response to infection of inflammation in another part of the body. -1-4 weeks after Chlamydia or GI infection
39
What is associated with increased incidence of reactive arthritis?
HLA-B27
40
Symptoms of Reactive Arthritis
- Triad: arthritis + conjunctivitis + urethritis (can't see, can't pee, can't climb a tree) - Keratoderma Blennorrhagicum: lesions on palms and soles
41
What diagnostic should be done in reactive arthritis and why?
arthrocentesis to rule out septic arthritis
42
Treatment for Reactive Arthritis
- NSAIDs (1st line) | - Methotrexate (if no response)
43
Etiologies of Rhabdomyolysis
- Crush Injuries - Immobility - Seizures, Burns - Statins, Niacin, Fibrates
44
Pathophysiology of rhabdomyolysis
-Myoglobin from muscle breakdown is extremely toxic to renal tubular cells, leading to acute tubular necrosis (acute kidney injury)
45
Symptoms of rhabdomyolysis
Muscle pain + muscle weakness + dark (tea-colored urine)
46
Diagnostics for Rhabdomyolysis
- ECG: initial (most important) to look for hyperkalemia - Urine Dipstick and UA: positive for heme but negative for RBCs - Muscle enzymes: increased creatinine phosphokinase - Electrolytes: hyperkalemia, hyperuricemia, hypocalcemia
47
Treatment of of Rhabdomyolysis
- IVF saline hydration - Mannitol or Sodium Bicarbonate (alkalinization of the urine) - Calcium Gluconate: stabilize cardiac membranes
48
Symptoms of Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Systemic (fever, weiht loss, anorexia) - Joint pain: Morning stiffness > 1 hour, improves later in day - Affects small joints: wrist, MCP, PIP, MTP (spares DIP) - Symmetric, warm, boggy joints - Ulnar deviation of hand - Swan neck and boutonniere deformities
49
Diagnostics and antibodies for RA
- RF (best initial) - Anti-CCP (most specific) - Radiographs: symmetric joint narrowing, osteopenia, bone and joint erosions - -C1-C2 subluxation common
50
treatment for RA
- Methotrexate, Leflunomide (DMARDs) + NSAIDs (for pain control) - Glucocorticoids second-line for symptom control
51
Methotrexate is a _______ and adverse effects include
Folic antagonist -Liver, lung marrow. Hepatitis, interstitial pneumonitis, and bone marrow suppression
52
What four muscles make up the rotator cuff muscles?
- Supraspinatus - Infraspinatus - Teres Minor - Subscapularis
53
What is the MC injured rotator cuff muscle?
Supraspinatus
54
Symptoms of a rotator cuff muscle injury
- Anterolateral shoulder pain with decreased ROM - Decreased ROM with overhead activities, ER, or abduction - Passive ROM > Active ROM
55
What test has a 90% specificity for assessing supraspinatus involvement?
Empty Can Test
56
What are three tests for impingement?
- Hawkins Test: elbow flexed and pain with IR - Drop Arm Test: slowly lowering arm - Neer Test: arm pronated (thumbs down) forward flexion
57
Treatment for a rotator cuff tear
- Conservative: PT, NSAIDs, Injections | - Surgery: if failed conservative
58
Regarding Scleroderma, what is Limited (CREST) Syndrome?
- Tight, shiny thickened skin involving the face, neck, and distal to elbows and knees. Spares the trunk. - Calcinosis Cutis - Raynaud's Phenomenon - Esophageal Motility Disorder - Sclerodactyly - Telangiectasias
59
Diagnostics and Antibodies for Scleroderma
- Anti-centromere antibodies (CREST specific) - Anti-SCL-70 antibodies/anti-topoisomerase (diffuse) - ANA positive but non-specific
60
Symptoms of Diffuse Scleroderma
- Tight, shiny, thickened skin involving the trunk and proximal extremities - Greater organ involvement

PANCE/EOC (63 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions