Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PANCE/EOC > Endocrine #3 > Flashcards

Endocrine #3 Flashcards

(49 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is a pheochromocytoma?

A

-Catecholamine secreting adrenal tumor (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

True or False: 90% of pheochromocytoma are benign?

A

True

Only 10% are malignant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Triggers of a pheochromocytoma

A
  • Surgery
  • Exercise
  • Pregnancy
  • Medicaitons (TCA, opiates, histamine, glucagon)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Symptoms of a pheochromocytoma

A
  • Hypertension (most consistent finding)

- PHE: Palpitations, headache (MC), excessive sweating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Confirmation diagnostic for pheochromocytoma

A

-24 hour urinary fractionated catecholamines including metabolites (increased metanephrines and vanillylmandelic acid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Preoperative management for pheochromocytoma

A
  • Nonselective alpha blockade (Phenoxybenazmine or Pehntolamine) for 1-2 weeks followed by beta-blockers to control BP
  • DO NOT INITIATE THERAPY WITH BETA-BLOCKADE
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Definitive management for pheochromocytoma

A

-Complete adrenalectomy after 1-2 weeks of medical therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Iatrogenic hypothyroidism is often due to

A

Treatment for hyperthyroidism with radioactive iodine or surgery without subsequent thyroid hormone replacement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Three medications that cause iatrogenic hypothyroidism

A
  • Amiodarone
  • Alpha-Interferon
  • Lithium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is cretinism?

A

Untreated congenital hypothyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Etiologies of cretinism

A
  • Lack of maternal iodine intake in developing countries

- Dysgenesis of thyroid gland in developed countries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Symptoms of cretinism

A
  • Mental developmental delays
  • Short stature
  • Symptoms of hypothyroidism: cold intolerance, dry skin, constipation, weight gain, menorrhagia, weakness, lethargy
  • Goiter symptoms: hoarseness and dyspnea
  • Coarse facial features: macroglossia, hypotonia, umbilical hernia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Treatment for cretinism

A

Levothyroxine (synthetic T4)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What do labs for cretinism show?

A

Hypothyroidism labs: increased TSH and decreased free T3 and T4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

MCC of hypothyroidism in the US

A

Hashimoto Thyroiditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pathophysiology of Hashimoto Thyroiditis

A

-Autoimmune thyroid cell destruction by anti-thyroid peroxidase an anti-thyroglobulin antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Symptoms of Hashimoto Thyroiditis

A
  • Symptoms of hypothyroidism
  • Galactorrhea
  • Goiter
  • Bradycardia, loss of outer 1/3 of eyebrows
  • Myxedema (non pitting edema - periorbital or peripheral)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What antibodies are present in Hashimoto Thyroiditis?

A

-Antithyroid peroxidase and/or anti-thyroglobulin antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Although a biopsy is rarely done for Hashimoto Thyroiditis, what is seen if it is done?

A

-Lymphocytic infiltration with germinal centers and Hurthle cells (enlarged epithelial cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Treatment for Hashimoto Thyroiditis

Study These Flashcards
A

-Levothyroxine

21
Q

Levothyroxine is used first-line for Hashimoto and subclinical hypothyroidism with TSH _____ or greater

Study These Flashcards
A

10 mIU/L or greater

22
Q

Levothyroxine has a half-life of

23
Q

What are the rules for monitoring with Levothyroxine?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Monitor TSH levels at 6-week intervals when initiating or changing dose
  • Increase dose if TSH is high and decrease dose if TSH is low
  • During pregnancy, the dose needs to be increased
24
Q

Adverse effects of Levothyroxine

Study These Flashcards
A

-Overshoot can cause adverse cardiovascular effects and cause osteoporosis

25
What is euthyroid sick syndrome?
Abnormal thyroid function tests in patients with normal thyroid function
26
What lab is diagnostic for euthyroid sick syndrome?
Low T3 syndrome: decreased Free T3 and increased reverse T3 most common
27
What is Reidel Thyroiditis?
-Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis characterized by dense fibrosis that invades the thyroid and adjacent neck structures
28
Symptoms of Riedel Thyroiditis
- Rock hard, nontender, rapidly growing fixed goiter - Airway compression - No cervical LAD
29
What should be done to differentiate anaplastic thyroid carcinoma from Riedel Thyroiditis?
Open thyroid biopsy
30
What other lab should be done for Riedel Thyroiditis?
IgG4 serum levels
31
A myxedema coma is most commonly seen in
Elderly women with long-standing hypothyroidism during the winter
32
Treatment for myxedema coma
- IV Levothyroxine + supportive - Passive warming - IV Glucocorticoids - ICU admission
33
What is subacute thyroiditis (DeQuervain Thyroiditis)?
-Often follows viral respiratory tracy infection or post-viral inflammation
34
Presentation of a patient with subacute thyroiditis?
- Hyperthyroidism is initial presentation - Followed by euthyroid - Then Hypothyroidism - Then resolution and restoration of normal thyroid function
35
Symptoms of subacute thyroiditis
- Painful thyroid gland, diffusely tender goiter | - URI symptoms: fever, malaise, myalgias, fatigue
36
Diagnostics for subacute thyroiditis will show
High ESR + negative thyroid antibodies
37
However, a biopsy will for subacute thyroiditis will show
-Granulomatous inflammation with multinucleate giant cells
38
Treatment for subacute thyroiditis
- Supportive | - NSAIDs or Aspirin for pain
39
MCC of hyperthyroidism in the US
Graves Disease
40
Although Graves Disease has symptoms of hyperthyroidism such as _______, what are some symptoms that are specific to Graves Disease?
- Palpitations, heat intolerance, tremors, weight loss, atrial fibrillation - Graves: Ophthalmopathy: proptosis, exophthalmos, lid lag, diplopia & Pretibial Myxedema - Thyroid bruit
41
Diagnostics for Graves Disease
- Hyperthyroid profile: Low TSH and high T3/T4 | - Thyroid stimulating immnoglobulins (TSH receptor antibodies) hallmark
42
Treatment for Graves Thyroid Disease
- Radioactive iodine: MC used | - Methimazole or PTU
43
However, for ophthalmopathy what is the best treatment
Glucocorticoids
44
Radioactive iodine is contraindicated in what people?
Pregnant and lactating women
45
_____ is generally the preferred treatment for Graves Disease; however, _____ is preferred in the first trimester and for thyroid storm
Methimazole PTU
46
What is suppurative thyroiditis?
bacterial infection of the thyroid gland by Staph Aureus
47
Symptoms of suppurative thyroidits
- Thyroid pain and tenderness - Overlying erythema to the skin - Fever, chills, pharyngitis, dysphagia
48
What diagnostic should be done if you suspect suppurative thyroiditis?
Fine needle aspiration with Gram Stain and culture
49
The only two causes of a painful thyroid are ____ and _____
Subacute and Suppurative Thyroiditis

PANCE/EOC (63 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions